Literature summary for 4.2.3.113 extracted from

Nieuwenhuizen, N.J.; Chen, X.; Wang, M.Y.; Matich, A.J.; Perez, R.L.; Allan, A.C.; Green, S.A.; Atkinson, R.G.
Natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit transcriptional regulation of terpene synthases by NAC and ethylene-insensitive3-like transcription factors (2015), Plant Physiol., 167, 1243-1258 .

Search for more literature for 4.2.3.113

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene TPS1, Actinidia chinensis terpene synthase1 (AcTPS1) is identified as part of an array of eight tandemly duplicated genes, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)	Actinidia chinensis
gene TPS1, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, comparative promoter analysis identifies potential NAC for no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF), and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC)-domain transcription factor and ethylene-insensitive3-like transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the AaTPS1 promoter, and cloned members of both TF classes are able to activate the AaTPS1 promoter in transient assays. AaNAC2, AaNAC3, and AaNAC4 bind a 28-bp fragment of the proximal NAC binding site in the AaTPS1 promoter but not the Actinidia chinensis AcTPS1 promoter, where the NAC binding site is mutated, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). Transgenic tobacco leaves expressing AcTPS1 produce beta-myrcene in low amounts as the only gene-specific product	Actinidia arguta

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

gene TPS1, Actinidia chinensis terpene synthase1 (AcTPS1) is identified as part of an array of eight tandemly duplicated genes, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)

Actinidia chinensis

gene TPS1, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, comparative promoter analysis identifies potential NAC for no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF), and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC)-domain transcription factor and ethylene-insensitive3-like transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the AaTPS1 promoter, and cloned members of both TF classes are able to activate the AaTPS1 promoter in transient assays. AaNAC2, AaNAC3, and AaNAC4 bind a 28-bp fragment of the proximal NAC binding site in the AaTPS1 promoter but not the Actinidia chinensis AcTPS1 promoter, where the NAC binding site is mutated, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). Transgenic tobacco leaves expressing AcTPS1 produce beta-myrcene in low amounts as the only gene-specific product

Actinidia arguta

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
chloroplast	-	Actinidia arguta	9507	-
chloroplast	-	Actinidia chinensis	9507	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism
Mg2+	activates, Km is 1.5 mM	Actinidia arguta
Mg2+	activates, Km is 1.5 mM	Actinidia chinensis
Mn2+	activates, preferred, Km is 0.020 mM	Actinidia arguta
Mn2+	activates, preferred, Km is 0.020 mM	Actinidia chinensis
additional information	requirement for a divalent metal ion cofactor. AaTPS1 favors Mn2+ over Mg2+ and shows a 3fold increase in Vmax with Mn2+ compared to Mg2+. K+ has no effect the enzyme activity	Actinidia chinensis
additional information	requirement for a divalent metal ion cofactor. AcTPS1 favors Mn2+ over Mg2+ and shows a 2fold increase in Vmax with Mn2+ compared to Mg2+. K+ has no effect the enzyme activity	Actinidia arguta

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
geranyl diphosphate	Actinidia arguta	-	terpinolene + diphosphate	-	?
geranyl diphosphate	Actinidia chinensis	-	terpinolene + diphosphate	-	?
additional information	Actinidia chinensis	the enantiomeric composition of terpenes produced by AaTPS1 in vitro and those produced in ripe Actinidia arguta cv. Hortgem Tahi fruit (stage a3/a4) are very similar	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Actinidia arguta	A0A075EAR1	cv. Hortgem Tahi	-
Actinidia chinensis	A0A075EB43	cv. Hort16A	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration to over 95% purity	Actinidia arguta
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration to over 95% purity	Actinidia chinensis

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
fruit	ripe, AaTPS1 expression increases sharply during fruit ripening, with the highest levels of expression being found in overripe fruit	Actinidia arguta	-
fruit	ripe, gene AcTPS1 expression and terpene production are observed only at low levels in developing fruit. AaTPS1 expression increases sharply during fruit ripening, with the highest levels of expression being found in overripe fruit	Actinidia chinensis	-
additional information	rates of volatile terpene release by Actinidia arguta cv. Hortgem Tahi and Actinidia chinensis cv. Hort16A during fruit development and ripening	Actinidia arguta	-
additional information	rates of volatile terpene release by Actinidia arguta cv. Hortgem Tahi and Actinidia chinensis cv. Hort16A during fruit development and ripening	Actinidia chinensis	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
geranyl diphosphate	-	Actinidia arguta	terpinolene + diphosphate	-	?
geranyl diphosphate	-	Actinidia chinensis	terpinolene + diphosphate	-	?
additional information	the enantiomeric composition of terpenes produced by AaTPS1 in vitro and those produced in ripe Actinidia arguta cv. Hortgem Tahi fruit (stage a3/a4) are very similar	Actinidia chinensis	?	-	?
additional information	AcTPS1 produces the noncyclic monoterpenes geraniol and beta-myrcene as the major products rather than 1,8-cineole, which is the predominant terpene associated with Actinidia chinensis fruit. Transgenic tobacco leaves expressing AcTPS1 produce beta-myrcene in low amounts as the only gene-specific product. Farnesyl diphosphate is no substrate	Actinidia arguta	?	-	?
additional information	the recombinant AaTPS1 enzyme catalyzes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to both cyclic and noncyclic monoterpene products, kinetics, overview. Specifically, alpha-terpinolene is the predominant terpene produced, accounting for approximately 67% of the total monoterpenes, followed by beta-myrcene (10%), predominantly (S)-limonene (9%), and smaller amounts of alpha-pinene, linalool, and alpha-terpineol. Farnesyl diphosphate is no substrate	Actinidia chinensis	?	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
AaTPS1	-	Actinidia arguta
AcTPS1	-	Actinidia chinensis
terpene synthase1	-	Actinidia chinensis
TPS1	-	Actinidia arguta
TPS1	-	Actinidia chinensis

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	Actinidia arguta AaTPS1 and Actinidia chinensis AcTPS1 likely originate from a common ancestral gene, phylogenetic analysis of the AaTPS1 and AcTPS1	Actinidia arguta
evolution	Actinidia chinensis terpene synthase1 (AcTPS1) is identified as part of an array of eight tandemly duplicated genes. Actinidia arguta AaTPS1 and Actinidia chinensis AcTPS1 likely originate from a common ancestral gene, phylogenetic analysis of the AaTPS1 and AcTPS1	Actinidia chinensis
malfunction	transcription factors AaNAC2, AaNAC3, and AaNAC4 bind a 28-bp fragment of the proximal NAC binding site in the Actinidia arguta TPS1 promoter but not the Actinidia chinensis AcTPS1 promoter, where the NAC binding site is mutated. Activation can be restored by reintroducing multiple repeats of the 12-bp NAC core-binding motif. The absence of NAC transcriptional activation in ripe Actinidia chinensis fruit can account for the low accumulation of AcTPS1 transcript, protein, and monoterpene volatiles in this species	Actinidia chinensis
physiological function	high rates of terpinolene production in ripe Actinidia arguta fruit are correlated with increasing gene and protein expression of Actinidia arguta terpene synthase1 (AaTPS1) and correlates with an increase in transcript levels of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS). DXS is likely to be the key step in regulating 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate substrate flux in kiwifruit. Transcription factors AaNAC2, AaNAC3, and AaNAC4 bind a 28-bp fragment of the proximal NAC binding site in the AaTPS1 promoter but not the Actinidia chinensis AcTPS1 promoter, where the NAC binding site is mutated. Importance of NAC transcription factors in controlling monoterpene production and other traits in ripening fruits. Ripe fruits of Actinidia arguta have a very high amount of terpene volatiles released as compared to other Actinidia species fruits, overview	Actinidia arguta
physiological function	high rates of terpinolene production in ripe Actinidia arguta fruit are correlated with increasing gene and protein expression of Actinidia arguta terpene synthase1 (AaTPS1) and correlates with an increase in transcript levels of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS). Importance of NAC transcription factors in controlling monoterpene production and other traits in ripening fruits	Actinidia chinensis