Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | generation of a gapc1/gapc2 double mutant that is entirely devoid of the cytosolic GAPC activity and insensitive to Tyr-Asp inhibition of GAPC activity | Arabidopsis thaliana |
additional information | generation of a gapc1/gapc2 double mutant that is entirely devoid of the cytosolic GAPC activity and insensitive to Tyr-Asp inhibition of GAPC activity | Nicotiana tabacum |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | no inhibition by treatment with single amino acids (Tyr and Asp) or chemically unrelated dipeptide (Ile-Glu); no inhibition by treatment with single amino acids (Tyr and Asp) or chemically unrelated dipeptide (Ile-Glu) | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
additional information | no inhibition by treatment with single amino acids (Tyr and Asp) or chemically unrelated dipeptide (Ile-Glu); no inhibition by treatment with single amino acids (Tyr and Asp) or chemically unrelated dipeptide (Ile-Glu) | Nicotiana tabacum | |
Tyr-Asp | a proteogenic dipeptide Tyr-Asp acting as regulatory small molecule, which improves plant tolerance to oxidative stress by directly interfering with glucose metabolism. Tyr-Asp feeding induced a shift of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) utilization from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby altering redox equilibrium of the NADP(H) pool and improving tolerance to oxidative stress. 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM. Tyr-Asp treatment improves plant performance under stress conditions; a proteogenic dipeptide Tyr-Asp acting as regulatory small molecule, which improves plant tolerance to oxidative stress by directly interfering with glucose metabolism. Tyr-Asp feeding induced a shift of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) utilization from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby altering redox equilibrium of the NADP(H) pool and improving tolerance to oxidative stress. 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM. Tyr-Asp treatment improves plant performance under stress conditions | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
Tyr-Asp | a proteogenic dipeptide Tyr-Asp acting as regulatory small molecule, which improves plant tolerance to oxidative stress by directly interfering with glucose metabolism. Tyr-Asp feeding induced a shift of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) utilization from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby altering redox equilibrium of the NADP(H) pool and improving tolerance to oxidative stress. 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM. Tyr-Asp treatment improves plant performance under stress conditions; a proteogenic dipeptide Tyr-Asp acting as regulatory small molecule, which improves plant tolerance to oxidative stress by directly interfering with glucose metabolism. Tyr-Asp feeding induced a shift of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) utilization from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby altering redox equilibrium of the NADP(H) pool and improving tolerance to oxidative stress. 23% inhibition at 0.1 mM. Tyr-Asp treatment improves plant performance under stress conditions | Nicotiana tabacum |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
cytosol | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | 5829 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+ | - |
? | |
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ | Nicotiana tabacum | - |
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | P25858 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9FX54 | - |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | A0A0K2GN10 | - |
- |
Nicotiana tabacum | A0A0K2GP10 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
seedling | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+ | - |
? | |
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ | - |
Nicotiana tabacum | 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
GAPC | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GAPC | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
GapC1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GapC1 | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
GapC2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GapC2 | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
phosphorylating NAD+-dependent GAPDH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
phosphorylating NAD+-dependent GAPDH | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NAD+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
NAD+ | - |
Nicotiana tabacum |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | Tyr-Asp inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase affects plant redox metabolism. Tyr-Asp inhibits the activity of a key glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC), and redirects glucose toward pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and NADPH production. Tyr-Asp supplementation improves the growth performance of both Arabidopsis and tobacco seedlings subjected to oxidative stress conditions. Neither the combination of Tyr and Asp nor the two other tested dipeptides, Ser-Leu and Gly-Pro, exhibit the bioactivity of Tyr-Asp. Tyr-Asp treatment, but neither the combination of amino acids nor the two other tested dipeptides improves plant performance under stress conditions. Tyr-Asp supplementation increases biomass of catechin-treated wild-type seedlings. The Tyr-Asp-associated stress tolerance is dependent on the inhibition of the GAPC1 and GAPC2 activities. Proteome characterization of the Tyr-Asp feeding experiment revealed changes in protein and redox metabolism consistent with the Tyr-Asp protein interactions beyond that with GAPC, Tyr-Asp affects redox and protein metabolism, phenotypes, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
malfunction | Tyr-Asp inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase affects plant redox metabolism. Tyr-Asp inhibits the activity of a key glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC), and redirects glucose toward pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and NADPH production. Tyr-Asp supplementation improves the growth performance of both Arabidopsis and tobacco seedlings subjected to oxidative stress conditions. Neither the combination of Tyr and Asp nor the two other tested dipeptides, Ser-Leu and Gly-Pro, exhibit the bioactivity of Tyr-Asp. Tyr-Asp treatment, but neither the combination of amino acids nor the two other tested dipeptides improves plant performance under stress conditions. Tyr-Asp supplementation increases biomass of catechin-treated wild-type seedlings. The Tyr-Asp-associated stress tolerance is dependent on the inhibition of the GAPC1 and GAPC2 activities. Proteome characterization of the Tyr-Asp feeding experiment revealed changes in protein and redox metabolism consistent with the Tyr-Asp protein interactions beyond that with GAPC, Tyr-Asp affects redox and protein metabolism, phenotypes, overview | Nicotiana tabacum |
metabolism | in the cytosol, two different GAPDHs are involved in glycolysis, the phosphorylating NAD+-dependent GAPDH (GAPC1 and GAPC2, EC 1.2.1.12) and the non-phosphorylating, NADP+-dependent GAPDH (GAPN, EC 1.2.1.9). GAPN irreversibly oxidizes G3P to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and has no homology to GAPC. Besides their role in carbon assimilation and partitioning, phosphorylating GAPDHs (particularly, GAPC1 and GAPA1) have additional moonlighting functionalities | Nicotiana tabacum |
metabolism | in the cytosol, two different GAPDHs are involved in glycolysis, the phosphorylating NAD+-dependent GAPDH (GAPC1 and GAPC2; EC 1.2.1.12) and the non-phosphorylating, NADP+-dependent GAPDH (GAPN, EC 1.2.1.9). GAPN irreversibly oxidizes G3P to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and has no homology to GAPC. Besides their role in carbon assimilation and partitioning, phosphorylating GAPDHs (particularly, GAPC1 and GAPA1) have additional moonlighting functionalities | Arabidopsis thaliana |
metabolism | in the cytosol, two different GAPDHs are involved in glycolysis, the phosphorylating NAD+-dependent GAPDH (GAPC1 and GAPC2; EC 1.2.1.12) and the non-phosphorylating, NADP+-dependent GAPDH (GAPN, EC 1.2.1.9). GAPN irreversibly oxidizes G3P to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and has no homology to GAPC. Besides their role in carbon assimilation and partitioning, phosphorylating GAPDHs (particularly, GAPC1 and GAPA1) have additional moonlighting functionalities | Nicotiana tabacum |
additional information | proteogenic dipeptides act as evolutionarily conserved small-molecule regulators at the nexus of stress, protein degradation, and metabolism | Arabidopsis thaliana |
additional information | proteogenic dipeptides act as evolutionarily conserved small-molecule regulators at the nexus of stress, protein degradation, and metabolism | Nicotiana tabacum |