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malfunction

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elevated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx is involved in skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats with thermal injury
malfunction
-
ubiquitin ligases are associated with several diseases, e.g. cancer, neurodegeneration, viral infection, and metabolinc and immune diesases
malfunction
-
Huwe1 balances proliferation and neurogenesis in the developing brain which is subverted in malignant brain tumors
malfunction
-
mahogunin ring finger-1, MGRN1, is a RING domain-containing ubiquitin ligase mutated in mahoganoid, a mouse mutation causing coat color darkening, congenital heart defects, high embryonic lethality, and spongiform neurodegeneration. MGRN1 isoforms decrease MC1R and MC4R signaling to cAMP, without effect on beta2-adrenergic receptor and independently on receptor plasma membrane expression, ubiquitylation, internalization, or stability and occurred upstream of Galphas binding to/activation of adenylyl cyclase. Overexpression of Galpha5 abolishes the inhibitory effect of MGRN1
malfunction
-
mice with a MYCBP2-deficiency in peripheral sensory neurons show prolonged thermal hyperalgesia. Loss of MYCBP2 constitutively activates p38 MAPK and increases expression of several proteins involved in receptor trafficking. Loss of MYCBP2 inhibits internalization of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 and prevents desensitization of capsaicin-induced calcium increases
malfunction
-
the knockdown of Fbxo45 in primary cultured hippocampal neurons results in a greater frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents
malfunction
-
the knockdown of Fbxo45 in primary cultured hippocampal neurons results in a greater frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents
malfunction
-
selective genetic inactivation of Cbl-b E3 ligase activity (C373AKI/KI knock-in) phenocopies the T cell responses observed when total Cbl-b is ablated, resulting in T cell hyperactivation, spontaneous autoimmunity, and impaired induction of T cell anergy in vivo. Mice carrying a Cbl-b E3 ligase-defective mutation spontaneously reject tumor cells that express human papilloma virus Ags
malfunction
-
silencing of Mule stabilizes Miz1, thereby suppressing TNFalpha-induced JNK activation and cell death
malfunction
-
downregulation of IBRDC2 induces increased cellular levels and accumulation of the active form of Bax
malfunction
-
MURF3 knockdown in cardiomyocytes by an isogene-specific siRNA leads to upregulation of MURF2 expression. Knockdown of both MURF2 and MURF3 severely disrupts the formation of ordered Z- and M-bands, likely by perturbed tubulin dynamics. It is suggested that ubiquitin-mediated protein turnover and MURF2 in particular play an unrecognised role in the earliest steps of heart muscle differentiation, and that partial complementation of MURF2 deficiency is afforded by MURF3
malfunction
-
siRNA knockdown of MURF2 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes disrupts posttranslational microtubule modification and myofibril assembly, and is only partly compensated by upregulation of MURF3 but not MURF1. It is suggested that ubiquitin-mediated protein turnover and MURF2 in particular play an unrecognised role in the earliest steps of heart muscle differentiation, and that partial complementation of MURF2 deficiency is afforded by MURF3
metabolism

-
the enzyme is essential in the intercellular Notch signaling pathway, overview
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, UPS, where it mediates the ubiquitin transfer from E2, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme to the lysine residue(s) of the substrate
metabolism
-
the ubiquitin ligase Huwe1 operates upstream of the N-Myc-DLL3-Notch pathway to control neural stem cell activity and promote neurogenesis, it is part of the Huwe1-N-myc pathway
physiological function

-
E3 ubiquitin ligases target specific molecules for proteolytic destruction and are key regulators of immune functions. The HECT-type E3 ligase AIP2 positively regulates T-cell activation, and AIP2 regulates activation-induced T-cell death by suppressing EGR2-mediated FasL expression via the ubiquitin pathway
physiological function
-
RMA E3 Ub ligases may play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function
-
the ubiquitin ligase Huwe1 operates upstream of the N-Myc-DLL3-Notch pathway to control neural stem cell activity and promote neurogenesis. It acts as tumor suppressor gene
physiological function
-
the CUL4ADDB1ROC1beta-TRCP complex is a major E3 ligase that regulates REDD1 stability
physiological function
-
E6-AP, a HECT domain family ubiquitin ligase implicated in Angelman syndrome, interacts with the substrate binding domain of Hsp70/Hsc70 chaperones and promotes the degradation of chaperone bound substrates
physiological function
-
MGRN-1 is one of two accessory proteins for MC signaling, it inhibits functional coupling of MC1R and MC4R to the cAMP pathway, overview
physiological function
-
MGRN-1 is one of two accessory proteins for MC signaling, it inhibits functional coupling of MC1R and MC4R to the cAMP pathway, mechanism, overview. All MGRN1 isozymes decrease agonist-induced cAMP production by as much as 50%
physiological function
-
subunit Fbw7 is considered to be a potent tumor suppressor
physiological function
-
MAPK kinase 4/SEK1 is negatively regulated through a feedback loop involving the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch. Itch controls MAPK kinase 4 stability
physiological function
-
MYCBP2 regulates internalization of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 in peripheral sensory neurons as well as duration of thermal hyperalgesia through p38 MAPK. MYCBP2 negatively controls neuronal growth
physiological function
-
Fbxo45 regulates neurotransmission at mature neurons. Fbxo45 induces the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-priming factor Munc13-1. Fbxo45 plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission by modulating Munc13-1 at the synapse
physiological function
-
Fbxo45 regulates neurotransmission at mature neurons. Fbxo45 induces the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-priming factor Munc13-1. Fbxo45 plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission by modulating Munc13-1 at the synapse
physiological function
-
Smurf1 plays a critical role in embryogenesis and adult bone homeostasis
physiological function
-
the catalytic function of the E3 ligase Cbl-b is essential for negative regulation of T cells in vivo. Cbl-b E3 ligase activity is required for in vivo T cell tolerance
physiological function
-
Ube2 participates in fertilization or spermatogenesis/spermiogenesis
physiological function
-
ubiquitin ligase Mule is required for TNFalpha-induced JNK activation
physiological function
-
the BRCA1-BARD1 RING complex has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that plays an essential role in response to DNA damage
physiological function
-
the selective enrichment of Epe1 at boundaries requires its regulation by the conserved Cul4-Ddb1Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase, which directly recognizes Epe1 and promotes its polyubiquitylation and degradation. Epe1 is the sole target of the Cul4-Ddb1Cdt2 complex whose destruction is necessary for the preservation of heterochromatin
physiological function
-
IBRDC2 is a regulatory factor for Bax and protects cells from unprompted Bax activation and cell death
physiological function
-
the ubiquitin ligase Itch mediates the antiapoptotic activity of epidermal growth factor by promoting the ubiquitylation and degradation of the truncated C-terminal portion of Bid
physiological function
-
the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch regulates sorting nexin 9 through an unconventional substrate recognition domain
physiological function
-
UbcM2 regulates the stability and transcriptional activity of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2). UbcM2 is involved in the restoration of redox homeostasis following oxidative stress
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UBE2K_HUMAN
200
0
22407
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2D3_HUMAN
147
0
16687
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2G2_HUMAN
165
0
18566
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
UBC9_HUMAN
158
0
18007
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
UB2D2_HUMAN
147
0
16735
Swiss-Prot
-
CBLB_HUMAN
982
0
109450
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC7_CAEEL
164
0
18939
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
UB2D1_HUMAN
147
0
16602
Swiss-Prot
-
UFC1_HUMAN
167
0
19458
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
RNF38_HUMAN
515
0
57595
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
IPA9_SHIFL
545
0
61979
Swiss-Prot
-
UBE2Z_HUMAN
354
0
38210
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC_HUMAN
685
0
77039
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC8_ARATH
148
0
16533
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC2_CAEEL
147
0
16705
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2L6_HUMAN
153
0
17769
Swiss-Prot
-
UBE2N_HUMAN
152
0
17138
Swiss-Prot
-
FBX2_MOUSE
297
0
33676
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC1_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
215
0
24178
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2E1_HUMAN
193
0
21404
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC1_ARATH
152
0
17281
Swiss-Prot
-
Q8IJ70_PLAF7
191
0
21571
TrEMBL
-
ARI1_HUMAN
557
0
64118
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC2_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
172
0
19706
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC7_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
165
0
18520
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
Q8IDP1_PLAF7
278
1
32788
TrEMBL
-
FANCL_HUMAN
375
0
42905
Swiss-Prot
-
UBE2U_HUMAN
321
0
37741
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
UB2Q2_HUMAN
375
0
42818
Swiss-Prot
-
BIRC6_HUMAN
4857
0
530269
Swiss-Prot
-
UBCX_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
183
0
21118
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
UB2R1_HUMAN
236
0
26737
Swiss-Prot
-
IPA7_SHIFL
565
0
64532
Swiss-Prot
-
UBA1_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
1024
0
114266
Swiss-Prot
-
PRKN_HUMAN
465
0
51641
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
UBC4_SCHPO
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843)
147
0
16476
Swiss-Prot
-
UBA1_SCHPO
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843)
1012
0
112949
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC4_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
148
0
16456
Swiss-Prot
-
RNF41_MOUSE
317
0
35891
Swiss-Prot
-
A5K893_PLAVS
215
0
24610
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
TRI25_HUMAN
630
0
70973
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2L3_HUMAN
154
0
17862
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC9_MOUSE
158
0
18007
Swiss-Prot
-
UBI4P_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
381
0
42826
Swiss-Prot
-
UBR1_HUMAN
1749
0
200211
Swiss-Prot
-
H9CTH3_CYCAE
152
0
16873
TrEMBL
-
UBE2H_HUMAN
183
0
20655
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
UBE2B_HUMAN
152
0
17312
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
FANCL_DROME
381
0
43725
Swiss-Prot
-
UBE2S_HUMAN
222
0
23845
Swiss-Prot
-
UBC12_HUMAN
183
0
20900
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
UBE2C_HUMAN
179
0
19652
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
UBC13_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
153
0
17468
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2D2_XENLA
147
0
16735
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
UBC1_CAEEL
192
0
21513
Swiss-Prot
-
DDB1_HUMAN
1140
0
126968
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
UBE2W_HUMAN
151
0
17331
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2Q1_HUMAN
422
0
46127
Swiss-Prot
-
UB2V1_HUMAN
147
0
16495
Swiss-Prot
-
A0A0H3JDV8_ECO57
782
0
87547
TrEMBL
-
UBE2K_BOVIN
200
0
22407
Swiss-Prot
-
UBR2_HUMAN
1755
0
200538
Swiss-Prot
-
E9API2_LEIMU
Leishmania mexicana (strain MHOM/GT/2001/U1103)
138
0
16033
TrEMBL
-
E9AK51_LEIMU
Leishmania mexicana (strain MHOM/GT/2001/U1103)
148
0
17050
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
Q6PC58_DANRE
147
0
16635
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
UB2G1_HUMAN
170
0
19509
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
UB2G2_MOUSE
165
0
18566
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
UBC9_YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
157
0
17911
Swiss-Prot
-
MDM2_HUMAN
491
0
55233
Swiss-Prot
-
NEDD4_HUMAN
1319
0
149114
Swiss-Prot
-
SSPH2_SALTY
Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)
788
0
87223
Swiss-Prot
-
LNX2_HUMAN
690
0
76004
Swiss-Prot
-
UBE2C_SPISO
177
0
20134
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
UB2J2_HUMAN
259
1
28898
Swiss-Prot
-
UHRF2_HUMAN
802
0
89985
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
UB2E2_HUMAN
201
0
22255
Swiss-Prot
-
TRI25_MOUSE
634
0
71726
Swiss-Prot
-
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