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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.6.1.45 - serine-glyoxylate transaminase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.6.1.45
Word Map on EC 2.6.1.45
- 2.6.1.45
- hyperoxaluria
- peroxisomal
- oxalate
- pyridoxal
- hydroxypyruvate
- pyridoxine
-
mistargeting
-
transamination
-
liver-specific
-
photorespiratory
-
glutamate:glyoxylate
- oxalosis
-
photorespiration
-
2.6.1.44
- nephrocalcinosis
-
intraperoxisomal
-
peroxisome-to-mitochondrion
-
plp-dependent
- methylovorum
- urolithiasis
- hyphomicrobium
- agriculture
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Specify your search results
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.6.1.45
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
serine-glyoxylate transaminase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
ping-pong reaction mechanism
-
L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
ping-pong reaction mechanism
-
L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
ping pong bi bi mechanism
-
L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
ping-pong reaction mechanism
-
L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
ping-pong reaction mechanism; reaction is catalyzed via the initial formation of an external Schiff base intermediate
-
L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
amino group transfer
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37259-57-7
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
GM2, glycine-resistant mutant derived from parent strain KM146
-
-
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
-
enzymic activity within the cell gradually decreases with the increase of cell density. Activity is significantly affected by light intensity and growth in presence of acetate as sole carbon source. Activity increases in presence of high oxygen concentrations and high carbon dioxide concentrations. An increase in oxygen concentration additionally results in a raise of cellular Gly/Ser ratio from 0.79 to 1.49
physiological function
physiological function
-
overexpression in Lemna minor results in increased enzymic activity and decreased endogenous serine levels under salt stress, leading to enhanced protection against root abscission, higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, increased defense from cell damage as a result of improved cell membrane integrity, a decrease of reactive oxygen species accumulation, and a strengthened antioxidant system
physiological function
rice leaves usually show 3-4 times higher abundance of glutamate relative to serine, implicating that glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase GGAT may preferentially utilize glyoxylate to form glycine over serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase SGAT. When SGAT or GGAT activity is regulated by gene transformation or nitrogen deficiency, respectively, the glycine content is positively related to GGAT activities, while both serine and glycine contents are negatively related to SGAT activities, suggesting that GGAT preferentially catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate into glycine while SGAT is mainly responsible for the transamination reaction of serine to hydroxypyruvate in the photorespiratory pathway of rice
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-alanine + 2-oxomalonate
pyruvate + 2-aminomalonate
-
-
-
?
L-asparagine + hydroxypyruvate
2-oxosuccinamate + L-serine
-
20% of L-serine transamination activity
-
?
L-serine + 2-oxosuccinamate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-asparagine
-
poor substrate
-
?
L-serine + hydroxypyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-serine
-
poor substrate
-
?
L-alanine + glyoxylate
pyruvate + glycine
55% of the activity with L-serine and glyoxylate
-
-
?
L-alanine + glyoxylate
pyruvate + glycine
-
20% of L-serine transamination activity
-
?
L-asparagine + glyoxylate
2-oxosuccinamate + glycine
-
transamination at 38% the rate of L-serine
-
r
L-asparagine + glyoxylate
2-oxosuccinamate + glycine
-
20% of L-serine transamination actiivty
-
r
L-serine + 2-oxomalonate
3-hydroxypyruvate + 2-aminomalonate
-
-
-
-
L-serine + 2-oxomalonate
3-hydroxypyruvate + 2-aminomalonate
-
-
-
?
L-serine + 2-oxomalonate
3-hydroxypyruvate + 2-aminomalonate
-
-
-
-
?
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reaction in photorespiratory glycolate pathway
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reduced activity in vivo results in the accumulation of serine and to a smaller extend, of glycine, indicating that the flux through the photorespiratory pathway is restricted
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
-
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
highly specific
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no activity with Phe, Arg, Val, Trp, Thr, Met
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
nearly irreversible, trace amounts of L-serine
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no activity with D-serine
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no or trace activity with oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no activity with Ala, Glu, Gln, His, oxamate, 2-oxo-n-butanoate, 3-methyl-2-oxo-butanoate, 2-methyl-DL-serine, L-serine-O-sulfate, DL-serine hydroxamate, O-phospho-L-serine
-
ir
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
plays essential role in methanol assimilation through serine pathway
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
part of the C-1 assimilation pathway
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
Methylobacterium extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
-
-
-
?
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
-
-
?
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
-
-
?
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
-
-
?
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reverse reaction at 4-11% the rate of forward reaction
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
preferred substrates
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
preferred substrates
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
involved in glycine metabolism
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no activity with Phe, Arg, Val, Trp, Thr, Met
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reverse reaction at 4-11% the rate of forward reaction
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
preferred substrates
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no or trace activity with oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
no activity with Tyr, Ile, Pro, Cys, Leu, Asp
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
equilibrium towards glycine production
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reverse reaction at 4-11% the rate of forward reaction
-
r
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
physiologically irreversible
-
-
-
L-serine + pyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
-
-
-
?
L-serine + pyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
-
6% of glyoxylate transamination activity
-
r
L-serine + pyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
-
8% of glyoxylate transamination activity
-
r
L-serine + pyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
-
equilibrium towards alanine production
-
r
L-serine + pyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
-
8% of glyoxylate transamination activity
-
?
L-serine + pyruvate
3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine
-
poor substrate, 10% of glyoxylate transamination activity
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reaction in photorespiratory glycolate pathway
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
reduced activity in vivo results in the accumulation of serine and to a smaller extend, of glycine, indicating that the flux through the photorespiratory pathway is restricted
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
plays essential role in methanol assimilation through serine pathway
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
part of the C-1 assimilation pathway
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
involved in glycine metabolism
-
-
-
L-serine + glyoxylate
3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine
-
physiologically irreversible
-
-
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
a pyridoxal phosphate protein, 4 mol per mol enzyme; required for activity
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
contains 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per subunit
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
beta-chloro-L-alanine
reacts with the carbonyl group of pyridoxal phosphate. 53.9% inhibition at 1 mM
beta-chloroalanine
-
competitive vs. L-alanine, uncompetitive vs. 2-oxomalonate
oxalate
-
competitive vs. 2-oxomalonate, uncompetitive vs. L-serine
Aminooxyacetate
reacts with the carbonyl group of pyridoxal phosphate, 88% inhibition at 0.01 mM
glyoxylate
-
irreversible inhibition only in the presence of NH4+, inactivation in the absence of amino acid substrates
hydroxylamine
-
0.01 mM, 98% inhibition of serine-glyoxylate transamination
hydroxylamine
-
0.01 mM, 85% inhibition of glycin-hydroxypyruvate transamination
hydroxylamine
-
0.1 mM, 97% inhibition, 85% inhibition in the presence of 0.1 mM pyridoxal phosphate
hydroxylamine
-
0.002 mM, 92% inhibition, serine, L-alanine and glycine protect
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate
the 24.1% decrease in enzyme activity achieved using 1.0 mM inhibitor might be considered to be unspecific
additional information
-
not inhibited by NaBH4, 3-chloro-D-alanine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-dipyridyl, 8-hydroxyquinoline, EDTA, iodoacetate, FeCl3, AlCl3, CdCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2, CaCl2, NaN3, ZnCl2, PbCl2, LiCl, CuCl2, BaCl2, ascorbate, cysteamine, N-ethylmaleimide
-
additional information
-
not inhibited with or without NH4+ by oxalate, formate, acetaldehyde, pyruvate, hydroxypyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2.5
pyruvate
-
pH 8.1, 30°C, cosubstrates: L-asparagine, glyoxylate, L-asparagine
additional information
additional information
-
assay method using high performance liquid chromatography with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene pre-column derivatizaion
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6 - 9
-
approx. 60% of maximal activity at pH 6, approx. half-maximal activity at pH 9
7.5 - 9.2
-
approx. 50% activity at pH 7.5 and 9.2, no activity below pH 6.7 and above pH 9.9
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
40000
43000
45000
105000
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
tetramer
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
9.1
-
1 mM Tris/glycine, about 60% dimer, 40% monomer in solution; 50 mM Tris/glycine, about 87% dimer, 13% monomer
657439
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 7, 0.1 mM pyridoxal phosphate, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, 45% v/v glycerol, at least 5 months
-
5°C, stable overnight, 20% loss of activity per day on further storage, in 20% ethylene glycol or 15% glycerol, 20% loss of activity within 5 days
-
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose, CM-toyopearl, Cellulofine
-
DEAE-cellulose, agarose gel, Brushite, Sephadex g-200, partial purification
-
pH 5.4, polyethylene glycol 6000, DEAE-Sephadex A25, Sephacryl S-300, partial purification
-
polyethyleneimine, ammonium sulfate, Ultrogel AcA 34, DEAE-cellulose, isoenzymes A and B
-
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coli
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
In the roots of 10-day-old seedlings treated for 2 h with 20 mM Asn, the transcript levels are raised by 2fold. During this treatment, the concentration of Asn in root is raised by ca. 5fold
-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
-
overexpression in Lemna minor results in increased enzymic activity and decreased endogenous serine levels under salt stress, leading to enhanced protection against root abscission, higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, increased defense from cell damage as a result of improved cell membrane integrity, a decrease of reactive oxygen species accumulation, and a strengthened antioxidant system
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.6.1.45)
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