Any feedback?
Please rate this page
(enzyme.php)
(0/150)

BRENDA support

BRENDA Home
show all | hide all No of entries

Information on EC 2.4.1.46 - monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase and Organism(s) Spinacia oleracea and UniProt Accession Q9SM44

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.1.46
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.4 Glycosyltransferases
             2.4.1 Hexosyltransferases
                2.4.1.46 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase
IUBMB Comments
This enzyme adds only one galactosyl group to the diacylglycerol; EC 2.4.1.241, digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase, adds a galactosyl group to the product of the above reaction. There are three isoforms in Arabidopsis that can be divided into two types, A-type (MGD1) and B-type (MGD2 and MGD3). MGD1 is the isoform responsible for the bulk of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthesis in Arabidopsis .
Specify your search results
Select one or more organisms in this record: ?
This record set is specific for:
Spinacia oleracea
UNIPROT: Q9SM44
Show additional data
Do not include text mining results
Include (text mining) results
Include results (AMENDA + additional results, but less precise)
Word Map
hide
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Spinacia oleracea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
mgdg synthase, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase, sll1377, atmgd1, atmgd2, atmgd3, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase1, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, mgdg synthase 1, 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-galactosyltransferase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
MGDG synthase
-
1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
-
MGDG synthase
-
-
-
-
UDP galactose-1,2-diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose-diacylglyceride galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
uridine diphosphogalactose-1,2-diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-galactose:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
This enzyme adds only one galactosyl group to the diacylglycerol; EC 2.4.1.241, digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase, adds a galactosyl group to the product of the above reaction. There are three isoforms in Arabidopsis that can be divided into two types, A-type (MGD1) and B-type (MGD2 and MGD3). MGD1 is the isoform responsible for the bulk of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthesis in Arabidopsis [4].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
37277-55-7
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
UDP-galactose + 1,2-distearoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-distearoylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
show the reaction diagram
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Mn2+
-
stimulates, cation not required
Zn2+
-
1 mM, stimulation, inhibition at 10 mM
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
N-ethylmaleimide
0.15 mM, 65% inactivation after 10 min, recombinant isoenzyme MGD A, preincubation with diacylglycerol and/or phosphatidylglycerol protects
4-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid
-
0.01 mM, 65% inhibition
citraconic anhydride
-
0.01 and 0.05 mM, 47% and 97% inactivation after 30 min, respectively
N-ethylmaleimide
o-phenanthroline
-
0.1 mM, 55% inhibition, 1,2-dioleoylglycerol protects and activates enzyme
oleic acid
-
0.3 mM, 58% inhibition
tert-butyoxycarbonyl-L-methionine hydrosuccinimidyl ester
-
0.2 mM, almost complete inactivation after 30 min
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Lipid
-
addition of lipids extracted from chloroplast membranes is necessary to reveal activity of highly delipidated enzyme fraction
phosphatidylglycerol
-
best activator of partially purified, delipidated enzyme
phosphatidylinositol
-
activation of partially purified, delipidated enzyme
sulfolipid
-
activation of partially purified, delipidated enzyme
-
additional information
-
purified enzyme is not activated by lipids
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0022
1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
-
in envelope membrane vesicles
1
diacylglycerol
-
-
0.02 - 0.18
dioleoylglycerol
0.04 - 0.1
UDPgalactose
additional information
additional information
-
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.008 - 0.052
UDP
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
2.2 - 3.2
-
-
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.5 - 8.5
recombinant isoenzyme MGD A
7
-
approx. value
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5.5 - 9
-
55% of maximal activity at pH 5.5, 85% of maximal activity at pH 9.0
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
30
-
assay at, activity maximum in long-term incubation
50
-
activity maximum in short-term incubation
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
MGDG_SPIOL
522
0
57511
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 3)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
45000
x * 45000, most likely a dimer, processed mature enzyme, immunoblot
58000
x * 58000, precursor, deduced from nucleotide sequence
97000
inactivation after gamma-ray irradiation
22000
-
gel filtration
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
monomer
-
1 * 22000, SDS-PAGE
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
dithiothreitol is essential to prevent loss of activity during purification
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cholate-solubilization, gel filtration, Zn2+-Sepharose affinity chromatography
-
hydroxyapatite, partial purification
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression of isoenzyme MGD A in Escherichia coli
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Heemskerk, J.W.M.; Jacobs, F.H.H.; Scheijen, M.A.M.; Helsper, J.P.F.G.; Wintermans, J.F.G.M.
Characterization of galactosyltransferases in spinach chloroplast envelopes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
918
189-203
1987
Spinacia oleracea
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Teucher, T.; Heinz, E.
Purification of UDP-galactose: diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase from chloroplast envelopes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Planta
184
319-326
1991
Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Coves, J.; Block, M.A.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Solubilization and partial purification of UDP-galactose:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity from spinach chloroplast envelope
FEBS Lett.
208
401-406
1986
Spinacia oleracea
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Coves, J.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Lipid requirement and kinetic studies of solubilized UDP-galactose:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity from spinach chloroplast envelope membranes
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
85
4966-4970
1988
Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Marechal, E.; Block, M.A.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Comparison of the kinetic properties of MGDG synthase in mixed micelles and in envelope membranes from spinach chloroplast
FEBS Lett.
352
307-310
1994
Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Marechal, E.; Block, M.A.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Kinetic properties of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase from spinach chloroplast envelope membranes
J. Biol. Chem.
269
5788-5798
1994
Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Marechal, E.; Miege, C.; Block, M.A.; Douce, R.; Joyard, J.
The catalytic site of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase from spinach chloroplast envelope membranes. Biochemical analysis of the structure and of the metal content
J. Biol. Chem.
270
5714-5722
1995
Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tietje, C.; Heinz, E.
Uridine-diphospho-sulfoquinovose:diacylglycerol sulfoquinovosyltransferase activity is concentrated in the inner membrane of chloroplast envelopes
Planta
206
72-78
1998
Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Miege, C.; Marechal, E.; Shimojima, M.; Awai, K.; Block, M.A.; Ohta, H.; Takamiya, K.I.; Douce, R.; Joyard, J.
Biochemical and topological properties of type A MGDG synthase, a spinach chloroplast envelope enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG
Eur. J. Biochem.
265
990-1001
1999
Spinacia oleracea (Q9SM44), Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Marechal, E.; Awai, K.; Block, M.A.; Brun, D.; Masuda, T.; Shimada, H.; Takamiya, K.I.; Ohta, H.; Joyard, J.
The multigenic family of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthases
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
28
732-738
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (O81770), Arabidopsis thaliana (O82730), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SI93), Cucumis sativus, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Botte, C.; Jeanneau, C.; Snajdrova, L.; Bastien, O.; Imberty, A.; Breton, C.; Marechal, E.
Molecular modelling and site directed mutagenesis of plant chloroplast MGDG synthase reveal critical residues for activity
J. Biol. Chem.
280
34691-34701
2005
Spinacia oleracea (Q9SM44), Spinacia oleracea
Manually annotated by BRENDA team