EC Number |
Substrates |
Organism |
Products |
Reversibility |
---|
3.5.4.B9 | 2'-deoxycytidine + H2O |
in ssDNA |
Homo sapiens |
2'-deoxyuridine + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | 5'-AAAGAGAAAGAGAAACCCAAAGAGGAAAGGTGAGGAGAA-3' + H2O |
the enzyme targets 5'-CCCA-3' sequences with 5'-AAACCCAAA-3' recognized most efficiently |
Homo sapiens |
5'-AAAGAGAAAGAGAAACCUAAAGAGGAAAGGTGAGGAGAA-3' + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | 5'-ATTCCCAATT-3' + H2O |
- |
Homo sapiens |
5'-ATTCCUAATT-3' |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | 5-methylcytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O |
the enzyme exhibits low activity toward 5-methylcytosine n single-stranded DNA |
Homo sapiens |
? |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | cytidine in HIV-1 virus ssDNA + H2O |
- |
Homo sapiens |
uridine in HIV-1 virus ssDNA + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O |
- |
Homo sapiens |
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O |
the APOBEC3 enzymes are a double-edged sword that can catalyze deamination of cytosine in genomic DNA, which results in potential genomic instability due to the many mutagenic fates of uracil. The enzymes must be able to efficiently deaminate transiently available single-stranded DNA during reverse transcription, replication, or transcription. Specific biochemical characteristics promote deamination in each situation to increase enzyme efficiency through processivity, rapid enzyme cycling between substrates, or oligomerization state |
Homo sapiens |
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O |
the enzyme restricts the infectivity of viruses, such as HIV-1, by targeting CCC hotspots scattered through minus DNA strands, reverse-transcribed from genomic RNA |
Homo sapiens |
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O |
relatively low deaminase activity and selectivity for methylated cytosine |
Homo sapiens |
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3 |
- |
? |
3.5.4.B9 | cytosine in single-stranded DNA + H2O |
the enzyme preferentially converts cytidine to uridine at the third position of triplet cytosine (CCC) hotspots. The phosphate backbone is required for C-terminal domain of the enzyme to slide along the DNA strand and to exert the 3'->5' polarity. The higher the salt cncentration, the less prominent is the 3'->5' polarity |
Homo sapiens |
uracil in single-stranded DNA + NH3 |
- |
? |