EC Number |
Recommended Name |
Source Tissue |
Reference |
---|
1.1.1.146 | 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase |
pancreatic islet |
11beta-HSD1 co-localises with glucagon in the periphery of pancreatic islets, but not with insulin or somatostatin |
697563 |
1.1.1.38 | malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) |
pancreatic islet |
- |
695884 |
1.1.1.39 | malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) |
pancreatic islet |
- |
687568 |
1.1.1.40 | malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) |
pancreatic islet |
- |
687568, 712942 |
1.1.1.49 | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
pancreatic islet |
high glucose level of 25 mM leads to a decrease in G6PD activity and protein level in islets |
711960 |
1.1.5.3 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
690606 |
1.11.1.9 | glutathione peroxidase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
764706 |
1.11.1.9 | glutathione peroxidase |
pancreatic islet |
the intrinsically low level of Gpx activity in the islets sets up the beta cell as an organelle particularly susceptible to oxidative stress secondary to high levels of glucose. Adenoviral overexpression of Gpx increases Gpx activity and protects islets against adverse effects of ribose |
660406 |
1.13.11.31 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
742000, 765699 |
1.13.11.33 | arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
742000, 765699 |
1.6.3.1 | NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) |
pancreatic islet |
- |
711828, 711856 |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
pancreatic islet |
- |
746535 |
1.8.1.7 | glutathione-disulfide reductase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
394736 |
1.8.1.7 | glutathione-disulfide reductase |
pancreatic islet |
high expression level |
660485 |
1.8.1.9 | thioredoxin-disulfide reductase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
394922 |
2.1.1.221 | tRNA (guanine9-N1)-methyltransferase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
737064 |
2.3.1.21 | carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase |
pancreatic islet |
low content of CPT II, no CPT I |
486577 |
2.3.1.61 | dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
659354 |
2.4.1.255 | protein O-GlcNAc transferase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
489616 |
2.5.1.46 | deoxyhypusine synthase |
pancreatic islet |
beta-islet cell |
-, 721984 |
2.5.1.60 | protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II |
pancreatic islet |
expression of both alpha- and beta-subunit of enzyme as well as Rab escort protein-1 |
722426 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
641067, 663393, 705294 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
pancreatic islet |
beta-cells |
641068, 641070, 641071 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
pancreatic islet |
constitutively expressed at a basal rate of 63 pmol/microgram protein/h |
671936 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
pancreatic islet |
glucokinase is inhibited by endogenous long-chain fatty acyl-CoA in islets from omega3-depleted rats. Such an inhibition probably participates to the alteration of D-glucose catabolism prevailing in these islets |
685989 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
pancreatic islet |
highest expression in islet cells |
703959 |
2.7.1.105 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
716226, 94948 |
2.7.1.11 | 6-phosphofructokinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
640501 |
2.7.1.11 | 6-phosphofructokinase |
pancreatic islet |
M-type, i.e. muscle-type, C-type, i.e. fibroplast-type, and perhaps lesser amounts of L-type, i.e. liver-type, PFK isoforms |
640496 |
2.7.1.137 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
661681 |
2.7.1.23 | NAD+ kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
721255 |
2.7.1.3 | ketohexokinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
641283 |
2.7.1.4 | fructokinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
674062 |
2.7.1.40 | pyruvate kinase |
pancreatic islet |
expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme |
721787 |
2.7.10.1 | receptor protein-tyrosine kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
490658 |
2.7.11.13 | protein kinase C |
pancreatic islet |
- |
491149, 672505 |
2.7.11.30 | receptor protein serine/threonine kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
664721 |
2.7.11.31 | [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
701620 |
2.7.12.2 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
686415 |
2.7.4.3 | adenylate kinase |
pancreatic islet |
cytosolic isoforms AK1 and AK5 are expressed in human islets and INS-1 cells. Elevated concentrations of glucose inhibit AK1 expression |
690717 |
2.8.1.2 | 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
761948 |
2.8.3.5 | 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
724109 |
2.8.3.5 | 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase |
pancreatic islet |
of healthy individuals and of type 2 diabetes patients: decreased activity by 92% in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic islets |
703384 |
3.1.1.23 | acylglycerol lipase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
-, 729555, 751941, 94267 |
3.1.1.6 | acetylesterase |
pancreatic islet |
highest expression within pancreatic tissue at the islets of Langerhans, revealed by cytochemistry and confocal microscopy |
696095 |
3.1.3.4 | phosphatidate phosphatase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
134863 |
3.1.3.46 | fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
-, 678087, 721553, 730691, 94948 |
3.1.3.9 | glucose-6-phosphatase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
677468, 697555, 699179, 699609, 701224, 709063, 710573 |
3.1.4.1 | phosphodiesterase I |
pancreatic islet |
- |
697620 |
3.1.4.11 | phosphoinositide phospholipase C |
pancreatic islet |
PLC-eta1 |
668993 |
3.1.4.11 | phosphoinositide phospholipase C |
pancreatic islet |
PLC-eta2 |
668993 |
3.1.4.50 | glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D |
pancreatic islet |
islet amyloid |
666146 |
3.1.4.53 | 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
690858 |
3.1.6.13 | iduronate-2-sulfatase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
649290, 707060 |
3.3.2.10 | soluble epoxide hydrolase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
709683 |
3.3.2.10 | soluble epoxide hydrolase |
pancreatic islet |
cytosolic localization |
662565 |
3.3.2.10 | soluble epoxide hydrolase |
pancreatic islet |
exclusively cytosolic |
662565 |
3.4.14.5 | dipeptidyl-peptidase IV |
pancreatic islet |
- |
699753 |
3.4.14.5 | dipeptidyl-peptidase IV |
pancreatic islet |
the enzyme is coexpressed with fibroblast activation protein in adult humans |
753766 |
3.4.21.109 | matriptase |
pancreatic islet |
pancreas |
698819 |
3.4.21.4 | trypsin |
pancreatic islet |
- |
708047 |
3.4.21.61 | Kexin |
pancreatic islet |
- |
669436 |
3.4.21.93 | Proprotein convertase 1 |
pancreatic islet |
- |
29417, 29871, 668417, 754678 |
3.4.21.93 | Proprotein convertase 1 |
pancreatic islet |
alpha-cells in the islet of Langerhans express both prohormone convertase 2 and 1/3, which results in the processing of the proglucagon precursor into glucagon-like peptide 1, thereby leading to local production of this beta-cell growth factor. alpha-Cells in the adult basically only express PC2, but significant activation of PC1/3 is also observed in mouse models of insulin resistance such as pregnant, obese, diabetic and prediabetic NOD mice |
717691 |
3.4.21.94 | proprotein convertase 2 |
pancreatic islet |
- |
731759 |
3.4.21.B28 | fibroblast activation protein alpha subunit |
pancreatic islet |
the enzyme is coexpressed with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV in adult humans |
753766 |
3.4.22.56 | caspase-3 |
pancreatic islet |
- |
-, 668726, 700291 |
3.4.22.B30 | calpain 10 |
pancreatic islet |
- |
666361, 710369 |
3.4.24.24 | gelatinase A |
pancreatic islet |
beta-cell |
754619 |
3.4.24.35 | gelatinase B |
pancreatic islet |
- |
-, 734244 |
3.5.1.2 | glutaminase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
209033, 667477 |
3.5.1.2 | glutaminase |
pancreatic islet |
all the glutaminase activity detected in pancreatic islets is attributed to kidney-type glutaminase and is confined to the mantle of the islet |
685413 |
3.5.1.2 | glutaminase |
pancreatic islet |
glutaminase activity is confined to the mantle |
685413 |
3.5.1.23 | ceramidase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
752416 |
3.5.3.18 | dimethylargininase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
695485 |
3.6.1.5 | apyrase |
pancreatic islet |
highest expression |
733060 |
3.6.1.8 | ATP diphosphatase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
210226 |
4.1.1.15 | glutamate decarboxylase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
-, 697572 |
4.1.1.28 | aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
4207 |
4.1.2.27 | sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
748220 |
4.4.1.1 | cystathionine gamma-lyase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
692368 |
5.3.1.8 | mannose-6-phosphate isomerase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
2812 |
5.3.99.2 | Prostaglandin-D synthase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
746950 |
6.2.1.4 | succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) |
pancreatic islet |
- |
672980 |
6.4.1.1 | pyruvate carboxylase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
673268, 690828, 704841 |
6.4.1.1 | pyruvate carboxylase |
pancreatic islet |
increased activity in Zucker fatty rats |
652312 |
6.4.1.2 | acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
671236, 693050 |
7.1.1.1 | proton-translocating NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase |
pancreatic islet |
- |
765394 |
7.2.2.10 | P-type Ca2+ transporter |
pancreatic islet |
- |
719888 |
7.6.2.1 | P-type phospholipid transporter |
pancreatic islet |
the predominant P4 ATPases in pure pancreatic beta cells and pancreatic islets are ATP8B1, ATP8B2, and ATP9A |
734314 |
7.6.2.1 | P-type phospholipid transporter |
pancreatic islet |
the predominant P4 ATPases in pure pancreatic beta cells and pancreatic islets are ATP8B1, ATP8B2, and ATP9A. ATP8B1 and CDC50A are highly concentrated in insulin secretory granules |
734314 |
7.6.2.1 | P-type phospholipid transporter |
pancreatic islet |
the predominant P4 ATPases in pure pancreatic beta cells and pancreatic islets are ATP8B1, ATP8B2, and ATP9A. ATP9A is concentrated in plasma membrane |
734314 |
7.6.2.1 | P-type phospholipid transporter |
pancreatic islet |
the predominant P4 ATPases in pure pancreatic beta cells and pancreatic islets are ATP8B1, ATP8B2, and ATP9A. Isoform ATP8B1 is highly concentrated in insulin secretory granules |
734314 |