EC Number   |
General Information |
Reference |
|---|
   3.6.5.1 | evolution |
expression of four Galpha, four Gbeta, and two Ggamma proteins, expression profiles by quantitative PCR, the four Galpha proteins form two distinct groups based on their GTPase activity. The proteins interact in most of the possible combinations, with some degree of interaction specificity between duplicated gene pairs |
720561 |
| 3.6.5.1 | evolution |
Galpha subunits are classified into four subfamilies, Gs, Gi, Gq and G12. Galpha12/13 and Galphaq are directly involved in the activation of RhoGTPases, molecular mechanisms for regulation of RhoGTPase activity through GPCR heterotrimeric G12/13-signalling pathways, overview. The G12/13-RH-RhoGEF signalling mechanism is well conserved over species |
719765 |
| 3.6.5.1 | evolution |
phylogenetic comparison of genes involved in the heterotrimeric G-proteins signaling system, detailed overview over eukaryotic lineages and structural similarities. Identification of heterotrimeric G-protein subunits, RGS domain proteins and 7TM receptors. Through much of eukaryotic evolution, cells contain both 7TM receptors that acted as GEFs and those as GAPs (with C-terminal RGS domains) for Galphas |
719549 |
| 3.6.5.1 | evolution |
plants also possess relatively fewer G-protein subunits when compared with the mammalian systems. A highly elaborated plant G-protein network is present in soybean where recent genome duplication has led to existence of 4 Galpha, 4 Gbeta, 12 Ggamma, and 2 RGS proteins |
757967 |
| 3.6.5.1 | evolution |
the core G-protein components and their activation/deactivation chemistries are broadly conserved throughout the eukaryotic evolution, while their regulatory mechanisms seem to have been rewired in plants to meet specific needs. Plants such as Arabidopsis, which have a limited number of G-protein components and their regulators, offer a unique opportunity to dissect the mechanistic details of distinct signaling pathways |
758080 |
| 3.6.5.1 | malfunction |
decreased expression of Gbeta and group I Ggamma genes leads to a significant decrease in nodule number, whereas the converse is true for the overexpression of specific Gbeta and Ggamma genes. Changing the availability of free, active Galpha proteins by modulating the level of the regulatory RGS proteins results in significantly altered nodule numbers. Overexpression of mutant Galpha1Q223L and Galpha1G196S, as confirmed by evaluating the transcript level of the transformed genes, results in a significant decrease in nodule number per transformed root |
757967 |
| 3.6.5.1 | malfunction |
deletion of any component of the Galpha13-RhoGEF-RhoA-signalling pathway results in a similar phenotype consisting of embryonic lethality at the stage of gastrulation |
719765 |
| 3.6.5.1 | malfunction |
none of the activated Galpha alleles restore female fertility to DELTAgnb-1 mutants, and the gna-3Q208L allele inhibits formation of female reproductive structures, consistent with a need for Galpha proteins to cycle through the inactive GDP-bound form for these processes. During the sexual cycle, DELTAgnb-1 and DELTAgna-1 mutants are male fertile but female sterile, Although these strains produce protoperithecia and trichogynes, their trichogynes have a defect in chemotropism and are not attracted by male cells. DELTAgna-2 and DELTAgna-3 mutants produce protoperithecia and develop perithecia after fertilization with wild-type males. Mutant phenotypes during asexual growth and development, overview |
-, 733752 |
| 3.6.5.1 | malfunction |
overexpression of constitutively active Galpha12 or 13 induces several cellular effects which suggest stimulation of Rho activity in cells, such as formation of actin stress fibres or neurite retraction in neuronal cells. NIH3T3 transforming activity of constitutively active mutant of Galpha12 can be prevented by blocking its palmitoylation |
719765 |
| 3.6.5.1 | metabolism |
complex regulation of the G-protein cycle in soybean and in other plants with expanded G-protein networks |
720019 |
