EC Number   |
General Information |
Reference |
|---|
   2.7.1.176 | evolution |
most genomes of bacteria contain toxin-antitoxin systems. These gene systems encode a toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin. Members of the epsilon/zeta toxin-antitoxin family are found throughout the genomes of pathogenic bacteria |
718251 |
| 2.7.1.176 | evolution |
ngzeta_1 forms a new subclass of zeta-like toxins. Apart from being encoded on a bicistronic operon and harbouring a P-loop motive, a hallmark for ATP/GTP binding proteins, ngzeta_1 is remarkably different from the hitherto functionally characterized streptococcal zeta toxins in its primary sequence. Especially striking is that the P-loop motive is located much closer to the Cterminus when compared with streptococcal zeta toxins. Also the ngepsilon_1 antitoxin has no similarities to any known epsilon protein |
761997 |
| 2.7.1.176 | malfunction |
PezT inhibition renders the host-cell capable to actively control toxin release |
717793 |
| 2.7.1.176 | metabolism |
expression of PezT and zeta in Escherichia coli lead to temporary inhibition in cell growth and is therefore seen as triggering cell stasis rather than cell death |
717773 |
| 2.7.1.176 | metabolism |
mechanism used by zeta toxins to induce programmed cell death in bacteria, overview |
718251 |
| 2.7.1.176 | metabolism |
ngzeta_1 drains precursors from peptidoglycan synthesis at multiple stages. Under normal conditions cytosolic levels of UNAM regulate peptidoglycan synthesis by a negative feedback loop inhibiting MurA. In contrast, once ngzeta_1 becomes active, MurA, MurB, and MurC are depleted from their substrates. All phosphorylated precursors are dead-end metabolites, but none of them seems to directly inhibit any enzyme of early peptidoglycan synthesis |
761997 |
| 2.7.1.176 | more |
slow growth protects cells from toxin-induced autolysis |
718251 |
| 2.7.1.176 | more |
the antitoxin toxin system epsilon/zeta and antibiotic resistance proteins are encoded on the broad-host-range, low-copy-number plasmid pSM19035. Theepsilon2/zeta2 protein complex is biologically nontoxic. The predominant contacts between antitoxin epsilon and toxin zeta involve helix a of epsilon, toxin-antitoxin interactions, overview |
718312 |
| 2.7.1.176 | more |
the enzyme is produced and analyzed in a ng_epsilon1/ng_zeta1 complex |
761997 |
| 2.7.1.176 | more |
the pneumococcal chromosomally encoded, class II epsilon zeta antitoxin toxin, PezAT, system is a chromosomally encoded, class II toxin antitoxin system from the human pathogen, assembly and dynamics of the epsilon zeta antitoxin toxin, PezAT association is electrostatically enhanced, overview. Proteolytic removal of the transcriptional repressor domain of PezA, because the C-terminal domains binds to PezT with comparable affinity as full-length protein |
717793 |
