4.2.1.125 C264A site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows 53% decreased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme 748118 4.2.1.125 C489A site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly decreased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme 748118 4.2.1.125 C568A site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows slightly increased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme 748118 4.2.1.125 D488A site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly decreased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme 748118 4.2.1.125 F477A site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly decreased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme 748118 4.2.1.125 I559A site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly decreased activity compared to the wild-type enzyme 748118 4.2.1.125 additional information establishment of dammarane-type ginsenosides synthesis from 2,3-oxidosqualene in Oryza sativa by expression of dammarenediol-II synthase from Panax ginseng resulting in a dammarane-type sapogenin 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) content of 0.35-0.59 mg/gdw and a dammarane-type sapogenin 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) content of 0.23-0.43 mg/g dry weight in the transgenic rice plants 749016 4.2.1.125 additional information expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lacking lanosterol synthase results in production of dammarenediol and hydroxydammarenone. Silencing of gene expression by RNAi leads to a reduction of ginsenoide production to 84.5% in roots 683979 4.2.1.125 additional information functionally expressed in the lanosterol synthase-deficient yeast mutant erg7 710295 4.2.1.125 additional information heterologous biosynthesis of triterpenoid dammarenediol-II, the precursor of dammarane-type tetracyclic ginsenosides, in engineered Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by expressing the enzyme, and coexpressing squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and squalene epoxidase from Methylococcus capsulatus, as well as NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana, and thereby reconstituting the 2,3-oxidosqualene-derived triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Method evaluation and optimization, overview 747390