5.5.1.12 D361A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D391G/D392G site-directed mutagenesis of DIDD motif residues, the mutant lacks type-B activity 719991 5.5.1.12 D402A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D402E lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D402N lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D404A - 440067 5.5.1.12 D404A unreactive with geranylgeranyl diphosphate 440066 5.5.1.12 D404E lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D404N lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D405A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D405E lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D405N lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 D611G/D612G site-directed mutagenesis of DDLMD motif residues, the mutant lacks type-A cyclase activity 719991 5.5.1.12 D621A - 440068 5.5.1.12 D621A eliminates class I activity 694607 5.5.1.12 D621A unreactive with (+)-copalyl diphosphate 440066 5.5.1.12 D625A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 D766A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 D845A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 DELTA:107-868 lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440070 5.5.1.12 DELTA:85-849 no turnover with copalyl diphosphate 440070 5.5.1.12 E499A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 E589A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 E699A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 E773A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 E778A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 H315N/T316V site-directed mutagenesis, the double mutant produces terpentedienyl diphosphate, which is derived from complete substituent rearrangement of syn rather than normal labdaenyl intermediate. Alteration of the residues that normally serve as the catalytic base can impact stereocontrol 747146 5.5.1.12 additional information knockdown of SmCPS1 by RNAi -, 743495 5.5.1.12 additional information transient heterologous expression of the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expressing DXS and GGPPs from Plectranthus barbatus in Nicotiana benthamiana are efficient in boosting diterpenoid levels compared to coexpression of the Nicotiana endogenous DXS and GGPPs genes, which have no effect on boosting diterpenoid level. Pigment analysis of infiltrated leaves, overview 748238 5.5.1.12 additional information using a combination of protein and genetic engineering, significant improvements in the production of sclareol and several other isoprenoids is achieved, including cis-abienol, abietadiene, and beta-carotene. Recombinant expression of enzyme PaLAS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AM94 cells, coexpression with different Saccharomyces cerevisiae farnesyl diphosphate synthase ERG20 variants increases diterpene yields by up to 15fold compared to expression of the Cistus creticus GGPPS 748548 5.5.1.12 N765A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 R365A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 R411A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 R454A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 R584A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 R586A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 R762A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 rAS:D96A nearly the same turnover with copalyl diphosphate like wild-type 440070 5.5.1.12 rAS:K86A/R87A lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440070 5.5.1.12 S721A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 T617A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 T769A enzyme activity 694607 5.5.1.12 T769A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 T769G enzyme activity 694607 5.5.1.12 T769S enzyme activity 694607 5.5.1.12 T848A no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068 5.5.1.12 W358A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 Y520A lower turnover with geranylgeranyl diphosphate than wild-type 440067 5.5.1.12 Y841F no effect on geranylgeranyl diphosphate reaction, but lower turnover with copalyl diphosphate than wild-type 440068