2.1.1.158 A23S site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 A23S/L191P/H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 A23S/P104Q/H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 A23S/P104Q/Q161H/H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows 60% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 A23S/P104Q/Q161H/L191P/H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 A23S/Q161H/H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 A23S/Q161H/L191P/H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 H219R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 L191P site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 additional information construction of several enzyme mutants, overview. The mutants of CmXRS1, that have 3-N methylation activity and produce caffeine from paraxanthine as a substrate, need to have replacement of the glutamine residue by histidine at position 161 in the CmXRS1 sequence, i.e. a Q161H mutation, overview 721124 2.1.1.158 additional information reduction of the second enzyme of the pathway, 7-methylxanthine methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.159, leads to reduced XMT1 expression 670565 2.1.1.158 additional information transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plant leaves expressing all three enzymes required for the biosynthesis of caffeine are no longer eaten by the tobacco cutworm caterpillars, Spodoptera litura, overview 670568 2.1.1.158 P104Q site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 P104Q/L191P site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits no 3-N methylation activity like the wild-type, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 P104Q/Q161H site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 P104Q/Q161H/L191P site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 Q161H site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124 2.1.1.158 Q161H/L191P site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant exhibits 3-N methylation activity in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the mutant shows over 80% of wild-type 7-methylation activity 721124