1.1.1.219 allele of DFR associated with red color, under the control of a doubled CaMV 35S promoter and tobacco etch virus translational enhancer introduced into the potato cultivar Prince Hairy (genotype dddd rrrr P-), which has white tubers and pale blue flowers 1.1.1.219 DFR2, DFR3 and DFR5 were expressed in Escherichia coli 1.1.1.219 enzyme expression analysis under UV-light irradiation, overview 1.1.1.219 Escherichia coli strains transformed with plasmid pTrcHis2-DFR to only express DFR. Escherichia coli strains harboring plasmid pET-DFR-LAR expressing DFR and leucoanthocyanidin reductase 1.1.1.219 exprerssion in Escherichia coli, Nicotiana benthamiana, and onion 1.1.1.219 expression in Escherichia coli 1.1.1.219 expression in Escherichia coli JM109 1.1.1.219 expression in Nicotiana tabacum 1.1.1.219 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.1.1.219 functional expression in tobacco protoplasts via electroporation, subcloning and overexpression in Escherichia coli strain GI724 and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INV Sc1, the recombinant Escherichia coli strain shows no enzyme activity 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR1, on chromosome A02, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR10, on chromosome A06, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR11, on chromosome A03, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR12, on chromosome A08, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR2, on chromosome A09, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR3, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR3, on chromosome A02, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR4, on chromosome A09, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR5, on chromosome A09, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR6, on chromosome A09, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR7, on chromosome A09, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR8, on chromosome A06, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene BrDFR9, on chromosome A06, genotyping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, RT-PCR expression profiling of genotypes, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis 1.1.1.219 gene CsDFR, recombinant overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi leaves 1.1.1.219 gene DcDFR, genotyping, quantitative enzyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene DFR, cloned from the capitulum, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene DFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.1.1.219 gene DgDFR, genotyping, quantitative enzyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene DnDFR, genotyping, quantitative enzyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene GbDFR1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene GbDFR2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene GbDFR3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative isozyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene IbDFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 gene McDFR, relative enzyme expression analysis and quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, transient overexpression of McDFR in leaves of cultivars Royalty and Flame. McDFR is overexpressed in fruits using the vector pBI121-McDFR 1.1.1.219 gene SmDFR, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis, functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INV Sc1 1.1.1.219 gene TaDFR-A, from cv. Iksan370, DNA and amino acid sequencdetermination and analysis, quantitative PCR enzyme expression analysis, overexpressing the Triticum aestivum dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene TaDFR under the control of the CaMV35S promoter via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 (C58) transfection in a Arabidopsis thaliana dfr mutant increases anthocyanin accumulation in the mutant 1.1.1.219 genetic mapping and genotyping, the gene encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase is a candidate for the anthocyaninless locus of rapid cycling Brassica rapa (fast plants type) 1.1.1.219 into expression vector pQE-30 UA, and transformed into Escherichia coli M15 pREP-4 competent cells 1.1.1.219 into pTrcHis2-TOPO and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10F' strain. DFR cDNA cloned into pRSF-FHT and inserted into Escherichia coli BL21Star to create E-color strain 1.1.1.219 isozyme MtDFR1, from a young seed cDNA library, functional expression in Escherichia coli 1.1.1.219 isozyme MtDFR2, from a young seed cDNA library, functional expression in Escherichia coli 1.1.1.219 overexpression in Escherichia coli strain GI724 and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INV Sc1 1.1.1.219 overexpression of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes in tobacco displayes down-regulation of the endogenous Nicotiana tabacum dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene, and the promotion of anthocyanin synthesis, resulting in flowers with a deep red coloration 1.1.1.219 quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis 1.1.1.219 vector pC1-DFR overexpressed in transgenic tobacco plants, having distinctive petal colors, showing some variation in their intensity