1.1.1.10 a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D-XR/ARSdR/XK, in which protein engineered NADP+-dependent XDH is expressed, shows 40% increased ethanol production and 23% decrease in xylitol excretion as compared with the reference strain D-XR/XDH/XK expressing the wild-type XDH 1.1.1.10 construction of a cDNA library, DNA sequence determination and analysis, subcloning in Escherichia coli DH5alpha, overexpression as His-tagged enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2 1.1.1.10 DNA sequence determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) 1.1.1.10 expressed in Escherichia coli as a His6 tag fusion protein 1.1.1.10 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells 1.1.1.10 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.1.1.10 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain MA-R4 1.1.1.10 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains MA-N2, MA-N3, MA-N4, and MA-N5 1.1.1.10 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.1.1.10 expression of Pichia stipitis mutated XYL2 (D207/I208R/F209S or XYL2 S96C/S99C/Y102C/D207A/I208R/F209S) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.1.1.10 expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli 1.1.1.10 expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) 1.1.1.10 gene dhs-21, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, the dhs-21 gene is physically mapped to the cosmid R11D1 between the sma-1 and mes-4genes on chromosome V, expression of His6-tagged enzyme. Spatial and temporal expression pattern of the DHS-21-GFP construct in transgenic worms, overview 1.1.1.10 gene lxr3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) 1.1.1.10 gene lxr3, phylogenetic analysis, cloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109, expression of N-terminal His-tagged in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2-1D 1.1.1.10 gene xr, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain W3110 from p43-XR comprising a constitutive promotor and gene xr, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, gene xr expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR 1.1.1.10 recombinant overexpression of strictly NADPH-dependent XR with mutated strictly NADP+-dependent XDH leading to increased bioethanol production and decreased xylitol accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D452-2 resulting in mutant strains SK-N1 to SK-N4 1.1.1.10 Tn5 transposon transfer 1.1.1.10 transgenic mice over-expressing dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase gene crossed with KK-A(y) diabetic model mice serve as an animal model for the metabolism of renal carbonyl compounds