4.2.2.3 alginate preferably degrades M blocks Agarivorans sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Agarivorans sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme degrades alginate by endo fashion, the enzyme degrades favorably mannuronate-guluronate and guluronate-rich fragments in alginate, shows substrate specificity toward beta-D-mannuronic acid blocks of hydrolysed alginate Agarivorans sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acids as the non-reducing terminal moiety are contained in the products ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Agarivorans sp. ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 alginate preferably degrades M blocks Agarivorans sp. JAM-A1m ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme degrades alginate by endo fashion, the enzyme degrades favorably mannuronate-guluronate and guluronate-rich fragments in alginate, shows substrate specificity toward beta-D-mannuronic acid blocks of hydrolysed alginate Agarivorans sp. JAM-A1m unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acids as the non-reducing terminal moiety are contained in the products ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate - Agarivorans sp. JAM-A1m unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Agarivorans sp. JAM-A1m ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 alginate - Agrobacterium tumefaciens ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate Atu3025 is an exotype alginate lyase potentially involved in the assimilation of low-molecular-weight alginate in strain C58 Agrobacterium tumefaciens ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate Atu3025 is an exotype family PL-15 alginate lyase Agrobacterium tumefaciens ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate ATU3025 acts on alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides exolytically and releases unsaturated monosaccharides from the substrate terminal Agrobacterium tumefaciens unsaturated algino-monosaccharides - ? 408335 4.2.2.3 alginate Atu3025 is an exotype alginate lyase potentially involved in the assimilation of low-molecular-weight alginate in strain C58 Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate Atu3025 is an exotype family PL-15 alginate lyase Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Alginovibrio aquatilis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Alginovibrio aquatilis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Alginovibrio aquatilis ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 hepta-alpha1,4-L-guluronate - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 453493 4.2.2.3 hepta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368372 4.2.2.3 hepta-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 368376 4.2.2.3 hexa-alpha1,4-L-guluronate - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 453494 4.2.2.3 hexa-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368371 4.2.2.3 hexa-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 368375 4.2.2.3 additional information no activity with triguluronate and trimannuronate, but with tetramers or substrates with longer chain length Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 nona-alpha1,4-L-guluronate - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 453495 4.2.2.3 nona-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368389 4.2.2.3 nona-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 368391 4.2.2.3 octa-alpha1,4-L-guluronate - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 453496 4.2.2.3 octa-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368388 4.2.2.3 octa-beta1,4-D-mannuronate - Alteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 453497 4.2.2.3 octa-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 368390 4.2.2.3 octa-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid + ? - ? 454063 4.2.2.3 penta-alpha1,4-L-guluronate - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 453498 4.2.2.3 penta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368370 4.2.2.3 penta-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368374 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid competitive to poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 368379 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid competitive to poly-alpha1,4L-guluronic acid Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 368378 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate endo-type manner Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 tetra-alpha1,4-L-guluronate - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 453499 4.2.2.3 tetra-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368369 4.2.2.3 tetra-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-D-mannuronoyl-beta-1,4-D-mannuranote + D-mannuronate - ? 368373 4.2.2.3 hepta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368372 4.2.2.3 hexa-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368371 4.2.2.3 additional information no activity with triguluronate and trimannuronate, but with tetramers or substrates with longer chain length Alteromonas sp. 272 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 penta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368370 4.2.2.3 tetra-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368369 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Aplysia depilans unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Aplysia depilans unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Aplysia depilans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Aplysia depilans 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate highest activity toward poly(M)-rich substrate, moderate activity toward sodium alginate and weak activity toward poly(MG)-rich substrate, no activity toward poly (G)-rich substrate Aplysia kurodai ? major reaction products are tri- and disaccharide along with various sizes of intermediary oligosaccharides ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Aplysia kurodai unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information AkAly28 hardly degrades oligosaccharides smaller than tetrasaccharide, while AkAly33 degrades oligosaccharides larger than disaccharide producing disaccharide and 2-keto-3-deoxy-gluconaldehyde, substrate specificities, production of oligosaccharides, analysis by anion-exchange chromatography, overview Aplysia kurodai ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information preferably degrades poly(M)-rich substrate and rapidly decreases the viscosity of sodium alginate solution in the initial phase of degradation. Aly33 degrades poly(M)-rich substrate into various sizes of oligosaccharides in the reaction time up to 1 h and further degrades the thus formed oligosaccharides to disaccharide and monosaccharide such as alpha-keto acid in the reaction time 2-6 h Aplysia kurodai ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information preferably degrades poly(M)-rich substrate producing unsaturated tri- and disaccharides and rapidly decreases the viscosity of sodium alginate solution in the initial phase of degradation Aplysia kurodai ? major reaction products are tri- and disaccharide along with various sizes of intermediary oligosaccharides ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information preferably degrades poly(M)-rich substrate producing unsaturated tri- and disaccharides and rapidly decreases the viscosity of sodium alginate solution in the initial phase of degradation. Aly28 hardly degrades oligosaccharides smaller than tetrasaccharide Aplysia kurodai ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information substrate is sodium alginate originating from Macrocystis pyrifera, preparation of poly(M)-rich, poly(G)-rich, and random substrates thereof Aplysia kurodai ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Aplysia kurodai 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Aplysia kurodai 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate/alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Aplysia kurodai 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445810 4.2.2.3 alginate specific for cleaving at the beta-1,4 glycosidic bond between polyM and polyG blocks of sodium alginate, producing homopolymeric blocks of polyM and polyG. Enzyme is inefficient in the degradation of polyM and polyG Aspergillus oryzae ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 additional information enzymatic depolymerization of sodium alginate, the enzyme shows specificity for cleaving at the beta-1,4 glycosidic bond between polyM and polyG blocks of sodium alginate Aspergillus oryzae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Asteromyces cruciatus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Asteromyces cruciatus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Asteromyces cruciatus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Azotobacter chroococcum unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter chroococcum unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginic acid - Azotobacter chroococcum ? - ? 368381 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Azotobacter chroococcum ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Azotobacter chroococcum ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Azotobacter chroococcum 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid endolytic activity Azotobacter chroococcum 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter chroococcum 4A1M unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Azotobacter chroococcum 4A1M ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Azotobacter chroococcum 4A1M ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 acetyl-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Azotobacter phage A22 ? - ? 368383 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Azotobacter phage A22 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Azotobacter phage A31 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter phage A31 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Azotobacter phage A31 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-acetyl-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Azotobacter phage A31 ? - ? 368380 4.2.2.3 alginate - Azotobacter vinelandii oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate alginate rich in mannuronic acids, the enzyme cleaves beta-D-mannuronic acid-beta-D-mannuronic acid bonds and beta-D-mannuronic acid-alpha-L-guluronic acid bonds but not alpha-L-guluronic acid-beta-D-mannuronic acid bonds and alpha-L-guluronic acid-alpha-L-guluronic acid-bonds Azotobacter vinelandii oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate isoform AlgE7 degrades M-rich alginates and a relatively G-rich alginate from the brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera most effectively, producing oligomers of 4 (mannuronan) to 7 units. The sequences cleaved are mainly G-MM and/or G-GM. G-moieties dominate at the reducing ends even when mannuronan is used as substrate, so the AlgE7 lyase/epimerase probably stimulates the lyase pathway, indicating a complex interplay between the two activities Azotobacter vinelandii oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate substrate from brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera rich in polymannuronate and polyguluronate, cleavage sequences are G-/-MM and/or G-/-GM Azotobacter vinelandii oligosaccharides of 4-7 monomers - ? 368363 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolysaccharides of alpha-L-guluronate and beta-D-mannuronate Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate the bacterial alginate is degraded towards the end of cell culture by the wild-type strain ATCC 9046 in industrial alginate production Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate enzyme cleaves beta-D-mannuronic acid-beta-D-mannuronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid-alpha-L-guluronic acid bonds but not alpha-L-guluronic acid-alpha-L-guluronic acid or alpha-L-guluronic acid-beta-D-mannuronic acid bonds Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate isoforms AlyA1, AlyA2, and AlyA3 preferably cleave the bond between guluronic acid and mannuronic acid, resulting in a guluronic acid residue at the new reducing end, but isoform AlyA3 also degrades the other three possible bonds in alginate Azotobacter vinelandii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 G-alginate purified alpha-L-guluronic acid blocks containing more than 90% alpha-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 409424 4.2.2.3 M-alginate pure 1-4-linked beta-D-mannuronic acid Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 409793 4.2.2.3 MG-alginate alginate epimerized by AlgE4 and containing 47% alpha-L-guluronic acid with no alpha-L-guluronic acid blocks, 100% activity Azotobacter vinelandii ? isoforms AlyA1, AlyA2, and AlyA3 produce mainly DELTAG and DELTAGMG as their end products, isoform AlyA3 produces as many trimers as it does dimers and tetramers ? 409896 4.2.2.3 additional information substrate specificity Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview, cleaves M-M and M-G linkages, but not G-GM linkages Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information cleaves G-MM and G-GM linkages, but nt G-GM linkages Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate-lyase is not essential for the production of alginate. When this enzyme is present, as in wild-type cells of Azotobacter vinelandii, its role is restricted to a post-polymerization step, with its activity reaching a maximum in the pres-stationary phase of growth Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-acetyl-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Azotobacter vinelandii ? - ? 368380 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Azotobacter vinelandii 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Azotobacter vinelandii 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Azotobacter vinelandii phage oligouronides a series of oligouronides each containing a terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythrohex-4-enopyranuronosyl residue ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Azotobacter vinelandii phage unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Azotobacter vinelandii phage unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information endolytic activity Azotobacter vinelandii phage ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Azotobacter vinelandii phage ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-acetyl-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Azotobacter vinelandii phage ? - ? 368380 4.2.2.3 alginate - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid deacetylated Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 polymannuronate - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids - ? 18785 4.2.2.3 alginate - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid deacetylated Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 polymannuronate - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids - ? 18785 4.2.2.3 acetylated alginate - Bacillus sp. TAG8 acetylated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 444880 4.2.2.3 alginate - Bacillus sp. TAG8 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate - Chlorella virus ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Chlorella virus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Chlorella virus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Chlorella virus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information no activity with chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and pectin Chlorella virus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Chlorella virus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Chlorella virus 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate weak activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Choromytilus meridionalis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Choromytilus meridionalis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information - Choromytilus meridionalis ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid weak activity Choromytilus meridionalis 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Cobetia marina unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Cobetia marina unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Cobetia marina ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Cobetia marina 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Cobetia sp. NAP1 algino-monosaccharides + algino-disaccharides - ? 444888 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Cobetia sp. NAP1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Cobetia sp. NAP1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate/alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Cobetia sp. NAP1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445810 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Colpomenia sinuosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Colpomenia sinuosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Colpomenia sinuosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Colpomenia sinuosa 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Colpomenia sinuosa 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Corollospora intermedia unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Corollospora intermedia unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Corollospora intermedia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Dictyopteris pacifica unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Dictyopteris pacifica unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Dictyopteris pacifica ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Dictyopteris pacifica 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate mannuronic acid-rich alginate, the degree of degradation of alginate is roughly proportional to the mannuronic acid content Dolabella auricularia oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 polymannuronide - Dolabella auricularia ? - ? 18787 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, preference for M-M linkages, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Dollabella auricola unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Dollabella auricola unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Dollabella auricola ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Dollabella auricola ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid preference for M-M linkages Dollabella auricola 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Eisenia bicyclis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Eisenia bicyclis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Eisenia bicyclis ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Eisenia bicyclis 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Eisenia bicyclis 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Endarachne binghamiae unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Endarachne binghamiae unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Endarachne binghamiae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Endarachne binghamiae 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Endarachne binghamiae 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information Aly1 is a bifunctional alginate lyase and prefers L-guluronate to D-mannuronate. Tetrasaccharide-size fractions are the smallest substrates, and D-mannuronate, L-guluronate, and UDP2 fractions are the minimal product types. Products are a series of small size-defined saturated oligosaccharide products from the nonreducing ends of single or different saturated sugar chains and yielding unsaturated products in distinct but restricted pattern. No substrates: chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, dermantan sulfate B, hyaluronan, heparin, or heparin sulfate Flammeovirga sp. MY04 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11, about 15% of the activity with poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) Flammeovirga sp. MY04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1->4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445798 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-L-(1,4)-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Flammeovirga sp. MY04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445803 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445808 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445821 4.2.2.3 alginate - Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information enzyme shows high activities toward both poly(beta-D-mannuronate) and poly(alpha-L-guluronate), reactions of EC 4.2.2.3 and 4.2.2.11, respectively Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 alginate - Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate when alginate is added at an initial concentration of more than 0.8%, the maximal degradation rate of alginate is obtained Flavobacterium sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information treatment of the supermucoid biofilm of the supermucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PDO300DELTAalg8(pBBR1MCS-5:alg8) with alginate lyase results in the breakdown of the microcolony structure, but this treatment had little effect on the mucoid and nonmucoid biofilms Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate - Flavobacterium sp. S20 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information enzyme prefers poly-D-mannuronate blocks over poly-L-guluronate blocks Flavobacterium sp. S20 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Flavobacterium sp. S20 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445800 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) - Flavobacterium sp. S20 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445815 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Fucus spp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Fucus spp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Fucus spp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate - Gracilibacillus sp. A7 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate degradation of a greater percentage of the mannuronic acid-rich fractions than of glucuronic acid-rich fractions or the original alginate Haliotis corrugata oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Haliotis corrugata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Haliotis corrugata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Haliotis corrugata 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Haliotis discus discus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information no substrate: poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) Haliotis discus discus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) - Haliotis discus discus 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445815 4.2.2.3 alginate HdAlex can degrade not only unsaturated trisaccharide but also alginate and mannuronate-rich polymers. HdAlex degrades the alginate polymer in an exolytic manner Haliotis discus hannai ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate recombinant Aly has the capacity to degrade alginate components for protoplast isolation Haliotis discus hannai unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme preferably degrades poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid-rich substrate, is also able to degrade poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid/poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block but hardly poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block Haliotis discus hannai unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate + H2O - Haliotis discus hannai ? - ? 416523 4.2.2.3 alpha-L-mannuronyl linkage in alginate - Haliotis discus hannai ? - ? 416558 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) 530% of the activity with alginate Haliotis discus hannai an unsaturated mannuronate disaccharide enzyme acts as an exolytic lyase, releasing unsaturated disaccharide directly from the poly(M)-rich substrate. It splits the second glycosyl linkage from the reducing terminus of the trisaccharide, the resulting disaccharide is not further degraded ? 434134 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) 45% of the activity with alginate Haliotis discus hannai ? - ? 417496 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme preferably degrades poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid-rich substrate, is also able to degrade poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid/poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block but hardly poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block Haliotis iris unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate degradation of a greater percentage of the mannuronic acid-rich fractions than of glucuronic acid-rich fractions or the original alginate Haliotis rufescens oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolyticc activity, enzyme prefers to cleave G-M and M-M linkages, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Haliotis tuberculata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Haliotis tuberculata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme possesses 5 subsites in its catalytic center, assay methods, overview Haliotis tuberculata ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Haliotis tuberculata ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Haliotis tuberculata 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Ishige sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Ishige sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Ishige sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Ishige sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Ishige sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate the bifunctional alginate lyase shows substrate specificity for poly(alpha-L-guluronate) and poly(beta-D-mannuronate) units in alginate molecules, cf. EC 4.2.2.11 Isoptericola halotolerans ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Isoptericola halotolerans unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronic acid) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Isoptericola halotolerans 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445799 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronic acid) - Isoptericola halotolerans 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445811 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Isoptericola halotolerans ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 alginate the bifunctional alginate lyase shows substrate specificity for poly(alpha-L-guluronate) and poly(beta-D-mannuronate) units in alginate molecules, cf. EC 4.2.2.11 Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC5336 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC5336 ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 alginate - Isoptericola halotolerans NJ-05 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronic acid) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Isoptericola halotolerans NJ-05 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445799 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronic acid) - Isoptericola halotolerans NJ-05 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445811 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate lyases degrade the polysaccharide by cleaving the glycosidic linkages through a beta-elimination reaction. Lyase AlyA is bifunctional and shows activities toward both polyG (alpha-L-guluronic acid), activity of EC 4.2.2.11, and polyM (beta-D-mannuronic acid). AlyA is endolytic, acting on G-blocks and MG-blocks where G-M linkages are cleaved in the latter substrate. Substrate specificities of diverse enzyme mutants, overview Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. In wild-type, ratio of activity against poly(beta-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-L-guluronic acid) to poly(alpha-L-guluronic acid) is 1.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 417497 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-manuronate) AlyDW11 prefers poly(beta-D-mannuronate) as a substrate over poly(alpha-L-guluronate) Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 430628 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate - Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate profiles of alginate oligomers are obtained by digestion of alginate with an alginate lyase AlyDW11, overview. The enzyme has endolytic activity and prefers poly(beta-D-mannuronate) over poly(alpha-L-guluronate) Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate lyases degrade the polysaccharide by cleaving the glycosidic linkages through a beta-elimination reaction. Lyase AlyA is bifunctional and shows activities toward both polyG (alpha-L-guluronic acid), activity of EC 4.2.2.11, and polyM (beta-D-mannuronic acid). AlyA is endolytic, acting on G-blocks and MG-blocks where G-M linkages are cleaved in the latter substrate. Substrate specificities of diverse enzyme mutants, overview Klebsiella pneumoniae SM0524 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. In wild-type, ratio of activity against poly(beta-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-L-guluronic acid) to poly(alpha-L-guluronic acid) is 1.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae SM0524 ? - ? 417497 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Laminaria digitata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Laminaria digitata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Laminaria digitata ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Laminaria digitata ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid low activity Laminaria digitata 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme preferably degrades poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid-rich substrate, is also able to degrade poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid/poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block but hardly poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block Littorina brevicula unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme is an endolytic polymannuronate lyase Littorina brevicula ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) the region including T121 of LbAly28 is the recognition of poly(MG) region of alginate Littorina brevicula ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 alginate splits glycosidic bonds only between two mannuronic acid residues Littorina sp. oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate preferential splitting of the glycosidic bond between two mannuronide residues in the alginic acid Littorina sp. oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, preference for M-M linkages, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Littorina sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Littorina sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Littorina sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Littorina sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid preference for M-M linkages Littorina sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate high affinity towards mannuronate-rich domains Macrocystis pyrifera oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 additional information induced by native alginate Macrocystis pyrifera ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate - Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445800 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) about 50% of the activity with poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) or alginate Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445815 4.2.2.3 alginate mannuronate blocks in alginate Niallia circulans oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Niallia circulans unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Niallia circulans unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information endolytic activity Niallia circulans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Niallia circulans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid weak activity in strain 1351 Niallia circulans 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid strain JBH2: deacetylated Niallia circulans 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate about 30% of the activity with poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) Nitratiruptor sp. SB155-2 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) about 5% of the activity with poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate), reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Nitratiruptor sp. SB155-2 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1->4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445801 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) prefered substrate Nitratiruptor sp. SB155-2 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445816 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate/alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) about 30% of the activity with poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) Nitratiruptor sp. SB155-2 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1->4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445820 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme preferably degrades poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid-rich substrate, is also able to degrade poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid/poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block but hardly poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid block Omphalius rusticus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Paradendryphiella arenariae unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Paradendryphiella arenariae unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Paradendryphiella arenariae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Paradendryphiella salina unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Paradendryphiella salina unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Paradendryphiella salina ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid strain JBH2: deacetylated Paradendryphiella salina 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 polymannuronate - Paradendryphiella salina 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids production of a wide range of 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids, that are further degraded to unsaturated monomer and dimer as final products ? 18785 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pelvetia canaliculata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pelvetia canaliculata unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Pelvetia canaliculata ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Pelvetia canaliculata ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pelvetia canaliculata 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate weak activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Perna perna unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Perna perna unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Perna perna ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid weak activity Perna perna 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate best substrate Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11, about 60% of the activity with alginate Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445800 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) about 30% of the activity with alginate Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445815 4.2.2.3 acetylated poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid endolytic activity Photobacterium sp. ? - ? 368382 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Photobacterium sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Photobacterium sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Photobacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Photobacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate the substrates is depolymerized mainly into the dimer to tetramer forms Pseudoalteromonas atlantica unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronate the substrates is depolymerized mainly into the dimer to tetramer forms Pseudoalteromonas atlantica beta-D-mannuronate - ? 368364 4.2.2.3 alginate the substrates is depolymerized mainly into the dimer to tetramer forms Pseudoalteromonas atlantica AR06 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronate the substrates is depolymerized mainly into the dimer to tetramer forms Pseudoalteromonas atlantica AR06 beta-D-mannuronate - ? 368364 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, intracellular isozymes also show hydrolase activity on alginate, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme from strain H-4 shows multiple substrate specificities, assay methods, overview Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly alpha-L-guluronate - Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii oligo-alpha-1,4-L-guluronate - ? 401764 4.2.2.3 poly beta-D-mannuronate - Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii oligo-beta-1,4-D-mannuronate - ? 401765 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid endolytic activity, extra- and intracellular isozymes Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 368379 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid endolytic activity, extra- and intracellular isozymes Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 368378 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudoalteromonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alpha-L-mannuronyl linkage in alginate - Pseudoalteromonas sp. ? enzyme shows activities toward both polyG, i.e.alpha-L-guluronic acid, and polyM, i.e. beta-D-mannuronic acid ? 416558 4.2.2.3 hepta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368372 4.2.2.3 hepta-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 368376 4.2.2.3 hexa-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368371 4.2.2.3 hexa-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. D-mannuronic acid - ? 368375 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate is a linear hetero-polyuronic acid composed of 1,4 linked alpha-L-guluronic acid (G) and beta-D-mannuronic acid. Alginate lyase aly-SJ02 is bifunctional. Aly-SJ02 shows activities toward both polyG (alpha-L-guluronic acid), activity of EC 4.2.2.11, and polyM (beta-D-mannuronic acid). Aly-SJ02 mainly releases dimers and trimers from polyM and alginate, and trimers and tetramers from polyG Pseudoalteromonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 penta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368370 4.2.2.3 penta-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368374 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) - Pseudoalteromonas sp. ? - ? 417494 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. alpha-D-glucuronate + ? - ? 368365 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid heteropolymers and homopolymers, bifunctional enzyme AAlyase, preference for Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronate - Pseudoalteromonas sp. beta-D-mannuronate - ? 368364 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid heteropolymers and homopolymers, bifunctional enzyme AAlyase Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 tetra-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368369 4.2.2.3 tetra-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-D-mannuronoyl-beta-1,4-D-mannuranote + D-mannuronate - ? 368373 4.2.2.3 hexa-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368371 4.2.2.3 penta-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368370 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 alpha-D-glucuronate + ? - ? 368365 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid heteropolymers and homopolymers, bifunctional enzyme AAlyase, preference for Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368367 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronate - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 beta-D-mannuronate - ? 368364 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid heteropolymers and homopolymers, bifunctional enzyme AAlyase Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 tetra-alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas sp. 272 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-alpha-1,4-oligo-L-guluronate + L-guluronate - ? 368369 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM0524 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11, about 15% of the activity with poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM0524 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM0524 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 alginate AlgL lacks of stereospecificity, in that it is able to catalyze cleavage adjacent to either mannuronate or guluronate residues in alginate. The enzyme is able to remove the C5 proton from both mannuronate and guluronate, which are C5 epimers. Exhaustive digestion of alginate by AlgL generates dimeric and trimeric products, analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. AlgL operates as an exopolysaccharide lyase Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate AlgL plays a main role in alginate depolymerization Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate increased expression of alginate lyase in mucoid strain 8830 leads to alginate degradation and increased cell detachment. When expressed from a regulated promoter, the alginate lyase can induce enhanced sloughing of cells because of degradation of the alginate. Possible role for lyase in the development of bacterial growth films Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme is involved in alginate production Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate protein PA1167 acts preferably on heteropolymeric regions endolytically Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview, enzyme from strain CFI/MI possesses 6 subsites and preferably cleaves M-M linkages Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information enzyme from strain CFI/MI possesses 6 subsites and preferably cleaves M-M linkages Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a bacterial alginate which seems to be necessary for cell attachment to the capsule-like biofilm build in lung of infected humans suffering cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information activity of AlgL is required for alginate production Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information the alginate-degrading protein AlgL transports the growing alginate polymer chain through the periplasm Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information AlgL is a vital part of the alginate transport scaffold, as well as having a role in degrading alginate as a lyase Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information AlgL is an alginate lyase that can degrade newly formed alginate polymers. Mutants of strain FRD1 defective in one of several periplasmic proteins, AlgKGX, for alginate secretion release alginate fragments due to the activity of an alginate lyase in the periplasm, which cleaves the newly formed polymers, overview. AlgK, AlgG, AlgX and AlgL may form a periplasmic scaffold to bring newly synthesized polymers to the outer-membrane porin, AlgE, and protect the polymer from degradation by AlgL Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate lyase AlgL catalyzes the cleavage of the polysaccharide alginate through a beta-elimination reaction. AlgL operates preferentially on non-acetylated alginate or its precursor mannuronan. AlgL operates as an exopolysaccharide lyase Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information AlgL is a poly-(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase that preferentially degrades deacetylated polymannuronate via a beta-elimination reaction, resulting in an unsaturated uronic acid at the nonreducing end of the molecule Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information AlgL is an endolytic enzyme that cleaves the 1-4 glycosidic linkage, resulting in disaccharides and trisaccharides as its major products. Several residues, including His202 and Tyr256, play a role in AlgL activity Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information substrates are medium-viscosity brown seaweed alginate (BSWA) and bacterial (FRD1) alginate substrates from mucoid FRD1 biofilms Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 oligomannuronate hexameric oligomannuronate is the preferred substrate, pentameric oligomannuronates are still accepted, no activity with oligomers shorter than pentamer Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 382444 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid nonacetylated Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgL unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate AlgL plays a main role in alginate depolymerization Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgL unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate protein PA1167 acts preferably on heteropolymeric regions endolytically Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgL unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 oligomannuronate hexameric oligomannuronate is the preferred substrate, pentameric oligomannuronates are still accepted, no activity with oligomers shorter than pentamer Pseudomonas aeruginosa CF1/M1 ? - ? 382444 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisiting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRDI unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview, enzyme from strain CFI/MI possesses 6 subsites and preferably cleaves M-M linkages Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRDI ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information enzyme from strain CFI/MI possesses 6 subsites and preferably cleaves M-M linkages Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRDI ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a bacterial alginate which seems to be necessary for cell attachment to the capsule-like biofilm build in lung of infected humans suffering cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRDI ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid nonacetylated Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRDI 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas alginovora unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudomonas alginovora unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Pseudomonas alginovora ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information hydrolysis of the crude alginate since beta-elimination on beta-D-mannuronosyluronate or on alpha-L-gulupyranosyluronate produces, in both cases, the nonreducing end 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enepyranosyluronate. Products are mainly trisaccharides, followed by tetrasaccharides, disaccharides, and pentasaccharides in descending order, gel filtration, and mass and NMR spectrometric analyses, overview Pseudomonas alginovora ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudomonas alginovora 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 additional information hydrolysis of the crude alginate since beta-elimination on beta-D-mannuronosyluronate or on alpha-L-gulupyranosyluronate produces, in both cases, the nonreducing end 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enepyranosyluronate. Products are mainly trisaccharides, followed by tetrasaccharides, disaccharides, and pentasaccharides in descending order, gel filtration, and mass and NMR spectrometric analyses, overview Pseudomonas alginovora X017 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas alginovora XO17 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudomonas alginovora XO17 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Pseudomonas alginovora XO17 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudomonas alginovora XO17 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate the biological function of AlgL to degrade alginates that fail to become exported out of the cell and thereby become stranded in the periplasmic space. At high levels of alginate synthesis in the absence of AlgL, such stranded polymers may accumulate in the periplasm to such an extent that the integrity of the cell is lost, leading to toxic effects Pseudomonas fluorescens unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alpha-L-mannuronyl linkage in alginate alginate lyases A and B have the activities for both M and G blocks. For isoform A, the enzyme activity acting on M block is much more than that of G block, for alginate lyase B, the enzyme activity on M block is slightly higher than that on G block and there is no obvious substrate specificity difference between them Pseudomonas fluorescens ? - ? 416558 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate lyase A degrades M and G blocks, and the enzyme activity acting on M block is much more than that of G block, while for alginate lyase B, the enzyme activities on M block are slightly higher than that of G block Pseudomonas fluorescens ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) - Pseudomonas fluorescens ? - ? 417494 4.2.2.3 alpha-L-mannuronyl linkage in alginate alginate lyases A and B have the activities for both M and G blocks. For isoform A, the enzyme activity acting on M block is much more than that of G block, for alginate lyase B, the enzyme activity on M block is slightly higher than that on G block and there is no obvious substrate specificity difference between them Pseudomonas fluorescens HZJ216 ? - ? 416558 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate lyase A degrades M and G blocks, and the enzyme activity acting on M block is much more than that of G block, while for alginate lyase B, the enzyme activities on M block are slightly higher than that of G block Pseudomonas fluorescens HZJ216 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronate) - Pseudomonas fluorescens HZJ216 ? - ? 417494 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas putida unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudomonas putida unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Pseudomonas putida ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-acetyl-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudomonas putida ? - ? 368380 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudomonas putida 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudomonas sp. oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate can degrade alginate and mannuronate blocks, but hardly degrades guluronate blocks. In particular, AlgL can degrade acetylated alginate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRD1 Pseudomonas sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alpha-L-mannuronyl linkage in alginate - Pseudomonas sp. ? products are six different di-and trisaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysis occurs between two random guluronic acid or/and mannuronic acid residues, and produces one G residue or M residue on the reducing end and an unsaturated residue on the non-reducing end for all products ? 416558 4.2.2.3 polyguluronan 70% of the activity with polymannuronan Pseudomonas sp. ? - ? 18788 4.2.2.3 polymannuronan - Pseudomonas sp. ? - ? 18786 4.2.2.3 alginate - Pseudomonas sp. E03 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information enzyme mainly and endolytically depolymerizes polymannuronate by beta-elimination into oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization of 2-5 Pseudomonas sp. E03 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Pseudomonas sp. E03 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Pseudomonas sp. E03 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 alpha-L-mannuronyl linkage in alginate - Pseudomonas sp. HZJ 216 ? products are six different di-and trisaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysis occurs between two random guluronic acid or/and mannuronic acid residues, and produces one G residue or M residue on the reducing end and an unsaturated residue on the non-reducing end for all products ? 416558 4.2.2.3 alginate can degrade alginate and mannuronate blocks, but hardly degrades guluronate blocks. In particular, AlgL can degrade acetylated alginate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRD1 Pseudomonas sp. QD03 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Pseudomonas syringae unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Pseudomonas syringae unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 deacetylated polymannuronic acid - Pseudomonas syringae ? - ? 368384 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Pseudomonas syringae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information substrate specificity, residues His204 and Trp207 are critical for enzyme activity Pseudomonas syringae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Pseudomonas syringae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Pseudomonas syringae 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme endolytically depolymerizes alginate by beta-elimination into oligo-alginates with degrees of polymerization of 2-5 Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme Alg17c is an exolytic alginate lyase, structure-function characterization of active site residues that are suggested to be involved in the exolytic mechanism of alginate depolymerization, overview Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information recombinant Alg17C preferentially acts on oligoalginates with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 to produce the alginate monomer, 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid. The enzyme can produce a monomeric sugar acid from alginate by the concerted action of an endo-type alginate lyase and exo-type alginate lyase Alg17C, substrate specificity of Alg17C, overview Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme is active on poly(beta-D-mannuronate) and poly(alpha-L-guluronate), cf. EC 4.2.2.11 Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme is active on poly-MM, poly-GG, and poly-MG substrates. Exolytic depolymerization of these polysaccharides by alginate lyase yields a monosaccharide and a product containing a DELTA-(4,5)-unsaturated uronic acid moiety. A mixture of alginate di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides are processed into mono- and disaccharides in the presence of Alg17c. An alginate trisaccharide represents the minimal length substrate for Alg17c, complete processing only of the tri- and tetrasaccharide substrates, substrate specificity and binding structure, Fourier electron density map, overview Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate - Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 additional information recombinant Alg17C preferentially acts on oligoalginates with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 to produce the alginate monomer, 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid. The enzyme can produce a monomeric sugar acid from alginate by the concerted action of an endo-type alginate lyase and exo-type alginate lyase Alg17C, substrate specificity of Alg17C, overview Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 / ATCC 43961 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme Alg17c is an exolytic alginate lyase, structure-function characterization of active site residues that are suggested to be involved in the exolytic mechanism of alginate depolymerization, overview Saccharophagus degradans DSM 17024 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme is active on poly-MM, poly-GG, and poly-MG substrates. Exolytic depolymerization of these polysaccharides by alginate lyase yields a monosaccharide and a product containing a DELTA-(4,5)-unsaturated uronic acid moiety. A mixture of alginate di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides are processed into mono- and disaccharides in the presence of Alg17c. An alginate trisaccharide represents the minimal length substrate for Alg17c, complete processing only of the tri- and tetrasaccharide substrates, substrate specificity and binding structure, Fourier electron density map, overview Saccharophagus degradans DSM 17024 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate - Saccharophagus degradans DSM 17024 ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Sargassum sagamianum unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Sargassum sagamianum unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Sargassum sagamianum ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Sargassum sagamianum 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Shewanella sp. YH1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate about 50% of the activity with poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) Shewanella sp. YH1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Shewanella sp. YH1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445800 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate) about 20% of the activity with poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) Shewanella sp. YH1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445815 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-1,4-D-mannuronate/alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) about 30% of the activity with poly(alpha-1,4-L-guluronate) Shewanella sp. YH1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445819 4.2.2.3 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-ene-pyranosyluronate-(mannuronate)2-mannuronic acid bound in the active cleft at subsites -3 to +1, the glycosidic linkage is cleaved existed between subsites -1 and +1 Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 429751 4.2.2.3 alginate - Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate recombinant and native wild-type enzymes show similar activity levels Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate substrate of alginate lyase isozymes A1-I, A1-II, and A1-III Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate incorporated into cells, substrate of alginate lyase isozymes A1-I, A1-II, and A1-III Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate isozyme A1-II and A1-I: endolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, beta-elimination reaction, A1-II shows a preference for polyguluronate instead of polymannuronate Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides A1-I produces mainly di- and trisaccharides, A1-II produces mainly tri- and tetrasaccharides ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate isozyme A1-II performs endolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, beta-elimination reaction, and shows a preference for polyguluronate instead of polymannuronate Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides isozyme A1-II produces mainly tri- and tetrasaccharides ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate Arg146, Gln189, His191, and Tyr284 form an active center Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate - Sphingomonas sp. unsaturated alginate disaccharides + unsaturated alginate trisaccharides main products ? 381374 4.2.2.3 beta-D-mannuronyl linkage in alginate - Sphingomonas sp. ? final degradation products are alginate monosaccharides ? 416719 4.2.2.3 disaccharides of alginate oligoalginate lyase Sphingomonas sp. monosaccharides of alginate - ? 368385 4.2.2.3 disaccharides of alginate oligoalginate lyase, complete depolymerization of alginate Sphingomonas sp. monosaccharides of alginate - ? 368385 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information no activity with gellan, xanthan, and pectin of A1-I and A1-II Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information oligoalginate lyase substrate specificity Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information A1-1V' has no significant role in alginate metabolism Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information substrate specificity of recombinant oligoalginate lyase, overview. Analysis of the final degradation products, overview Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate lyase A1-III is a beta-D-mannuronosyl linkage-specific enzyme that acts on alginate tetrasaccharide as the minimum substrate and produces disaccharides and trisaccharides from alginate Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information substrates are medium-viscosity brown seaweed alginate (BSWA) and bacterial (FRD1) alginate substrates from mucoid FRD1 biofilms Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid) 190% of the activity with alginate Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 417495 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. 120% of the activity with alginate Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 417496 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha-L-guluronate 14.9% of the activity with poly-beta-D-mannuronate Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 382598 4.2.2.3 poly-beta-1,4-D-mannuronate - Sphingomonas sp. 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enepyranosyluronate-mannuronate-mannuronic acid - ? 368392 4.2.2.3 poly-beta-D-mannuronate i.e. alginate, cleavage site structure Sphingomonas sp. oligomannuronate - ? 368362 4.2.2.3 poly-beta-D-mannuronate - Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 382599 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Sphingomonas sp. 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate brown seaweed alginate (BSWA) as model substrate or baterial alginate purified from the mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate FRD1 Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 trisaccharides of alginate oligoalginate lyase Sphingomonas sp. monosaccharides of alginate - ? 368386 4.2.2.3 trisaccharides of alginate oligoalginate lyase, complete depolymerization of alginate Sphingomonas sp. monosaccharides of alginate - ? 368386 4.2.2.3 alginate - Sphingomonas sp. A1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information enzyme prefers poly-L-guluronate blocks over poly-D-mannuronate blocks Sphingomonas sp. A1 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Sphingomonas sp. A1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Sphingomonas sp. A1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 beta-D-mannuronyl linkage in alginate - Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 ? final degradation products are alginate monosaccharides ? 416719 4.2.2.3 additional information substrate specificity of recombinant oligoalginate lyase, overview. Analysis of the final degradation products, overview Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid) 190% of the activity with alginate Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 ? - ? 417495 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. 120% of the activity with alginate Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 ? - ? 417496 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Spisula solidissima unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Spisula solidissima unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Spisula solidissima ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Spisula solidissima ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Spisula solidissima 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Stenotrophomonas maltophilia unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Stenotrophomonas maltophilia unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information KJ-2 poly-mannuronate-guluronate-specific alginate lyase preferably degrades the glycosidic bond in beta-D-mannuronoyl-alpha-L-guluronate linkage than that in alpha-L-guluronoyl-beta-D-mannuronate linkage Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate, poly-mannuronate-, poly-guluronate-, and poly-mannuronate-guluronate-block substrates are used, substrate specificity, cf. EC 4.2.2.11, overview. No or poor activity with chondroitin B, agarose, agar, starch, and pectin Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-acetyl-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 368380 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 additional information KJ-2 poly-mannuronate-guluronate-specific alginate lyase preferably degrades the glycosidic bond in beta-D-mannuronoyl-alpha-L-guluronate linkage than that in alpha-L-guluronoyl-beta-D-mannuronate linkage Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ-2 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information alginate, poly-mannuronate-, poly-guluronate-, and poly-mannuronate-guluronate-block substrates are used, substrate specificity, cf. EC 4.2.2.11, overview. No or poor activity with chondroitin B, agarose, agar, starch, and pectin Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ-2 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate the alginate oligomers prepared by the lyase show growth-promoting activity on the roots of banana plantlets (Streptomyces sp. A5 is isolated from banana rhizosphere) Streptomyces sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate substrate specificity for polyguluronate units in the alginate molecules Streptomyces sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate enzyme lyase appears to be poly-guluronate lyase degrading poly-G block preferentially than poly-M block. The degraded products are determined to be di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasaccharides Streptomyces sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate the alginate oligomers prepared by the lyase show growth-promoting activity on the roots of banana plantlets (Streptomyces sp. A5 is isolated from banana rhizosphere) Streptomyces sp. A5 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate substrate specificity for polyguluronate units in the alginate molecules Streptomyces sp. A5 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate mannuronate blocks in alginate Turbo cornutus oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate attacks preferentially mannuronate-rich moieties of the alginate molecule Turbo cornutus oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate high affinity towards mannuronate-rich domains Turbo cornutus oligouronides unsaturated oligomers mostly composed of mannuronic acid as final product ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate enzyme prefers to cleave M-M linkages, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Turbo cornutus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Turbo cornutus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information endolytic activity, the enzyme possesses 5 subsites in its catalytic center, assay methods, overview Turbo cornutus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Turbo cornutus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Turbo cornutus 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 polymannuronate - Turbo cornutus 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids - ? 18785 4.2.2.3 alginate cleavage of mannuronate blocks in exo manner, 11fold preference for mannuronate blocks over guluronate blocks uncultured marine bacterium oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate high-molecular weight alginate uncultured marine bacterium oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate 1,4-beta-D-mannuronan block regions of alginate uncultured marine bacterium oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 alginate dimeric through hexameric uronides possessing DELTA-4,5-unsaturated nonreducing terminal residues uncultured marine bacterium oligouronides - ? 18784 4.2.2.3 polymannuronate - uncultured marine bacterium 4,5-unsaturated oligomannuronic acids - ? 18785 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Undaria pinnatifida unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Undaria pinnatifida unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information assay methods, overview Undaria pinnatifida ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Undaria pinnatifida ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Undaria pinnatifida 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Vibrio alginolyticus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Vibrio alginolyticus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Vibrio alginolyticus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid endolytic activity Vibrio alginolyticus 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Vibrio sinaloensis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Vibrio sinaloensis unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information preference of M-MM or MM-M cleavage sequences Vibrio sinaloensis ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Vibrio sinaloensis ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Vibrio sinaloensis 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate endolytic activity, a complex heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid, depolymerization, substrate structure, overview Vibrio sinaloensis Alg-A unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate a heteropolymer consisting of beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid and alpha1,4-L-guluronic acid Vibrio sinaloensis Alg-A unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information preference of M-MM or MM-M cleavage sequences Vibrio sinaloensis Alg-A ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information biological function of the enzyme Vibrio sinaloensis Alg-A ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronic acid - Vibrio sinaloensis Alg-A 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl-beta-1,4-oligo-D-mannuronate + D-mannuronate - ? 368368 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate the alginate lyase has the specificity for poly G block Vibrio sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme is specific for hydrolyzing poly-beta-D-1,4-mannuronate in alginate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharide fragments ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate isoform A9mT favorably degrades mannuronate polymer in alginate, the relative activities for alginate, beta-D-mannuronic acid, 1,4 linked alpha-L-guluronic acid, and 1,4 linked alpha-L-guluronic acid/beta-D-mannuronic acid blocks are 100%, 75%, 21%, and 15%, respectively, under the standard assay conditions at pH 7.5 Vibrio sp. unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. algino-monosaccharides + algino-disaccharides - ? 444888 4.2.2.3 beta-D-mannuronyl linkage in alginate preferably degrades the M block over the G block in alginate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 416719 4.2.2.3 additional information the relative activities for alginate, M, G, and GM blocks are 100%, 75%, 21%, and 15%, respectively Vibrio sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information AlyV5 shows activities towards both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, but degrades the former more efficiently. AlyV5 mainly produces disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide from polyguluronate, trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide from polymannuronate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) about 30% activity compared to alginate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio sp. ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.3 poly-beta-D-mannuronate poly-beta-D-mannuronate can be much more easily hydrolyzed by the displayed alginate lyase than poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid and sodium alginate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 382599 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate high activity Vibrio sp. ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. 510 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharide fragments ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate isoform A9mT favorably degrades mannuronate polymer in alginate, the relative activities for alginate, beta-D-mannuronic acid, 1,4 linked alpha-L-guluronic acid, and 1,4 linked alpha-L-guluronic acid/beta-D-mannuronic acid blocks are 100%, 75%, 21%, and 15%, respectively, under the standard assay conditions at pH 7.5 Vibrio sp. A9m unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. A9m unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 beta-D-mannuronyl linkage in alginate preferably degrades the M block over the G block in alginate Vibrio sp. A9m ? - ? 416719 4.2.2.3 additional information the relative activities for alginate, M, G, and GM blocks are 100%, 75%, 21%, and 15%, respectively Vibrio sp. A9m ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. NJ-04 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Vibrio sp. NJ-04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Vibrio sp. NJ-04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. QY101 algino-monosaccharides + algino-disaccharides - ? 444888 4.2.2.3 additional information AlyV5 shows activities towards both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, but degrades the former more efficiently. AlyV5 mainly produces disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide from polyguluronate, trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide from polymannuronate Vibrio sp. QY105 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) about 30% activity compared to alginate Vibrio sp. QY105 ? - ? 417498 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate high activity Vibrio sp. QY105 ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio sp. W13 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information AlgB mainly releases oligosaccharides with a degree of polymersiation of 2-5 from the different kinds of substrates in an endolytic manner Vibrio sp. W13 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Vibrio sp. W13 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Vibrio sp. W13 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate/alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Vibrio sp. W13 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445810 4.2.2.3 alginate the enzyme is specific for hydrolyzing poly-beta-D-1,4-mannuronate in alginate Vibrio sp. YWA ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio splendidus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information isoforms AlyA and AlyB principally cleave the beta-1,4 bonds between beta-D-mannuronate and alpha-L-guluronate and subunits Vibrio splendidus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information isoforms AlyD and AlyE principally cleave the alpha-1,4 bonds involving alpha-L-guluronate subunits Vibrio splendidus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate - Vibrio splendidus 12B01 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 additional information isoforms AlyA and AlyB principally cleave the beta-1,4 bonds between beta-D-mannuronate and alpha-L-guluronate and subunits Vibrio splendidus 12B01 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 additional information isoforms AlyD and AlyE principally cleave the alpha-1,4 bonds involving alpha-L-guluronate subunits Vibrio splendidus 12B01 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 alginate - Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.3 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme has a broad substrate tolerance and can cleave mannuronate-mannuronate, mannuronate-guluronate, and guluronate-guluronate linkages at the nonreducing end. The activity is depending on the block structure Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-manuronate) - Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 430628 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate AlyA5 cleaves unsaturated units, alpha-L-guluronate or beta-D-manuronate residues, at the nonreducing end of oligo-alginates in an exolytic fashion, cf. EC 4.2.2.11 Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate LC mass and NMR spectrometris product analysis Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 additional information the enzyme has a broad substrate tolerance and can cleave mannuronate-mannuronate, mannuronate-guluronate, and guluronate-guluronate linkages at the nonreducing end. The activity is depending on the block structure Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.3 poly(beta-D-manuronate) - Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 430628 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate AlyA5 cleaves unsaturated units, alpha-L-guluronate or beta-D-manuronate residues, at the nonreducing end of oligo-alginates in an exolytic fashion, cf. EC 4.2.2.11 Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.3 sodium alginate LC mass and NMR spectrometris product analysis Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 368387