4.2.2.11 acetylated alginate - Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 429869 4.2.2.11 acetylated alginate - Bacillus sp. TAG8 acetylated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 444880 4.2.2.11 acetylated poly-(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronan) - Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 429871 4.2.2.11 alginate - Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - Vibrio sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - Pseudomonas sp. ? enzyme cleaves the glycosidic linkages between two mannuronates (mannuronate-beta(1-4)-mannuronate) or mannuronate and guluronate (mannuronate-beta(1-4)-guluronate) ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - uncultured bacterium ? enzyme degrades alginate into a mixture of products with molecular masses below 1000 Da ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - Flavobacterium sp. ? high yields of penta-, hex-, and heptasaccharides in the hydrolysis products ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate A1m preferably degrades the heteropolymeric MG and G blocks (1,4 linked alpha-L-guluronic acid) to the M block (beta-D-mannuronic acid). The relative activities for alginate, MG, G, and M blocks are 100%, 131.7%, 83.3%, and 27.3%, respectively Agarivorans sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate optimal conditions are 0.3-0.7% alginate content Gracilibacillus sp. ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate the bifunctional alginate lyase shows substrate specificity for poly(alpha-L-guluronate) and poly(beta-D-mannuronate) units in alginate molecules, cf. EC 4.2.2.3 Isoptericola halotolerans ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate AlgMytC is predicted to preferably degrade guluronate-blocks because of the presence of the QIH motif in the conserved signature of the amino acid sequence Saccharophagus sp. Myt-1 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate enzyme shows specificity for polyguluronate and polymannuronate units in alginate molecules Isoptericola halotolerans ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate the enzyme endolytically depolymerizes alginate by beta-elimination into oligo-alginates with degrees of polymerization of 2-5 Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - Vibrio sp. QY105 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate the bifunctional alginate lyase shows substrate specificity for poly(alpha-L-guluronate) and poly(beta-D-mannuronate) units in alginate molecules, cf. EC 4.2.2.3 Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC5336 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate enzyme shows specificity for polyguluronate and polymannuronate units in alginate molecules Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC 5336 ? - ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - Pseudomonas sp. KS-408 ? enzyme cleaves the glycosidic linkages between two mannuronates (mannuronate-beta(1-4)-mannuronate) or mannuronate and guluronate (mannuronate-beta(1-4)-guluronate) ? 368366 4.2.2.11 alginate - Sphingobacterium multivorum unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Vibrio sp. NJ-04 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Bacillus sp. TAG8 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Isoptericola halotolerans unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Sphingomonas sp. A1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Flavobacterium sp. S20 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Vibrio sp. W13 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Vibrio splendidus unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Cobetia sp. NAP1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Shewanella sp. YH1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate best substrate Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate about 50% of the activity with poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) Shewanella sp. YH1 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Isoptericola halotolerans NJ-05 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Vibrio splendidus 12B01 unsaturated algino-oligosaccharides - ? 368377 4.2.2.11 alginate - Cobetia sp. NAP1 alpha-L-guluronate + beta-D-mannuronate + algino-disaccharides - ? 444890 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Klebsiella aerogenes ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Haliotis discus hannai ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Sphingobacterium multivorum ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Agrobacterium tumefaciens ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Pseudoalteromonas sp. ? enzyme shows activities toward both polyG, i.e. poly-alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid, and polyM, i.e. poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Sphingomonas sp. ? final degradation products are alginate monosaccharides ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Pseudomonas sp. ? products are six different di-and trisaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysis occurs between two random guluronic acid or/and mannuronic acid residues, and produces one G residue or M residue on the reducing end and an unsaturated residue on the non-reducing end for all products ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate activity is highest on short-chain poly-guluronic acid blocks and guluronic-rich alginate, intracellular and extracellular enzymes are endo-lyases, O-acetylation and carboxyl esterification of alginate substrate inhibits intracellular enzyme action Klebsiella aerogenes ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Sphingobacterium multivorum ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate significant activity is found not only on guluronate-guluronate linkages but also on guluronate-mannuronate linkages Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate significant activity is found not only on guluronate-guluronate linkages but also on guluronate-mannuronate linkages Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate alginate lyase isoform C has the specificity for G block while alginate lyases A and B have the activities for both M and G blocks. For isoform A, the enzyme activity acting on M block is much more than that of G block, for alginate lyase B, the enzyme activity on M block is slightly higher than that on G block and there is no obvious substrate specificity difference between them Pseudomonas fluorescens ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate preferably degrades G blocks Vibrio sp. ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate preferably degrades the M block to the G block in alginate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate specific for cleaving at the beta-1,4 glycosidic bond between polyM and polyG blocks of sodium alginate, producing homopolymeric blocks of polyM and polyG. Enzyme is inefficient in the degradation of polyM and polyG Aspergillus oryzae ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 ? final degradation products are alginate monosaccharides ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate preferably degrades the M block to the G block in alginate Vibrio sp. A9m ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate preferably degrades G blocks Vibrio sp. A9m ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Pseudomonas sp. HZJ 216 ? products are six different di-and trisaccharides. The enzymatic hydrolysis occurs between two random guluronic acid or/and mannuronic acid residues, and produces one G residue or M residue on the reducing end and an unsaturated residue on the non-reducing end for all products ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate significant activity is found not only on guluronate-guluronate linkages but also on guluronate-mannuronate linkages Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate alginate lyase isoform C has the specificity for G block while alginate lyases A and B have the activities for both M and G blocks. For isoform A, the enzyme activity acting on M block is much more than that of G block, for alginate lyase B, the enzyme activity on M block is slightly higher than that on G block and there is no obvious substrate specificity difference between them Pseudomonas fluorescens HZJ216 ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate endolyase Sphingobacterium multivorum K-11 ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 alpha-L-guluronosyl linkage in alginate - Sphingobacterium multivorum K-11 ? - ? 363398 4.2.2.11 additional information - Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information nine amino acid block conserved in the N-terminus Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information nine amino acid block conserved in the N-terminus Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information nine amino acid conserved block at the C-termini, unrelated to substrate recognition but to maintenance of the stable three-dimensional conformation Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information nine amino acid conserved block at the C-termini, unrelated to substrate recognition but to maintenance of the stable three-dimensional conformation Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information no action on trimeric guluronan and mannuronan, but on tetramers or more, the enzyme is most likely beta-structure, the subsite number is most likely six for both guluronate and mannuronate units, the catalytic site of this enzyme is located at the midpoint of the subsite Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information exolytic and endolytic activity Sargassum sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the first twenty amino acids are completely identical in Klebsiella pneumoniae and in Enterobacter cloacae, N-terminus Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the first twenty amino acids are completely identical in Klebsiella pneumoniae and in Enterobacter cloacae, N-terminus Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information L-tryptophan, L-histidine and L-lysine residues play an important role in enzymatic activity Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information requires high salt concentrations for maximal activity, no action on: laminarin, dextran, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, pullulan, yeast mannan, lichenin or porphyran, slight amylase activity with amylose and glycogen, beta-elimination mechanism, three-step reaction Klebsiella aerogenes ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information a simple and highly sensitive method for determining if the alginate lyase is poly-mannuronan specific or poly-((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) specific based in the interaction between calcium ions and depolymerized alginates is available Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information a simple and highly sensitive method for determining if the alginate lyase is poly-mannuronan specific or poly-((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) specific based in the interaction between calcium ions and depolymerized alginates is available Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the relative activities for alginate, M, G, and GM blocks are 100%, 75%, 21%, and 15%, respectively Vibrio sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information Alg2A has a different endolytic reaction mode from both the two commercial alginate lyases and other alginate lyases from polysaccharide lyase family 7 owing to high yields of penta-, hex-, and hepta-saccharides in the hydrolysis products of Alg2A Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information KJ-2 poly-mannuronate-guluronate-specific alginate lyase preferably degrades the glycosidic bond in beta-D-mannuronoyl-alpha-L-guluronate linkage than that in alpha-L-guluronoyl-beta-D-mannuronate linkage Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme Alg17c is an exolytic alginate lyase, structure-function characterization of active site residues that are suggested to be involved in the exolytic mechanism of alginate depolymerization, overview Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information alginate pentasaccharides that can be cleaved by AlyA1PL7 are GGGGG, GGMGG, GGGMG, and GGMMG Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information alginate, poly-mannuronate-, poly-guluronate-, and poly-mannuronate-guluronate-block substrates are used, substrate specificity, cf. EC 4.2.2.3, overview. No or poor activity with chondroitin B, agarose, agar, starch, and pectin Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information AlyV5 shows activities towards both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, but degrades the former more efficiently. AlyV5 mainly produces disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide from polyguluronate, trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide from polymannuronate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information no substrats: pectin, xanthan, guar gum, arabic gum, sesbania gum, guar gum and carrageenan Isoptericola halotolerans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information operates in a processive manner. It is able to catalyze cleavage adjacent to either mannuronate or guluronate residues in alginate Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information recombinant Alg17C preferentially acts on oligoalginates with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 to produce the alginate monomer, 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid. The enzyme can produce a monomeric sugar acid from alginate by the concerted action of an endo-type alginate lyase and exo-type alginate lyase Alg17C, substrate specificity of Alg17C, overview Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme has a broad substrate tolerance and can cleave M-M, M-G, and G-G linkages at the nonreducing end. The activity is depending on the block structure Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme is active on poly(alpha-L-guluronate) and poly(beta-D-mannuronate), cf. EC 4.2.2.3 Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme is active on poly-MM, poly-GG, and poly-MG substrates. Exolytic depolymerization of these polysaccharides by alginate lyase yields a monosaccharide and a product containing a DELTA-(4,5)-unsaturated uronic acid moiety. A mixture of alginate di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides are processed into mono- and disaccharides in the presence of Alg17c. An alginate trisaccharide represents the minimal length substrate for Alg17c, complete processing only of the tri- and tetrasaccharide substrates, substrate specificity and binding structure, Fourier electron density map, overview Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme shows low activity with poly(beta-D-mannuronate), reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information AlgB mainly releases oligosaccharides with a degree of polymersiation of 2-5 from the different kinds of substrates in an endolytic manner Vibrio sp. W13 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information Aly1 is a bifunctional alginate lyase and prefers G to M. Tetrasaccharide-size fractions are the smallest substrates, and D-mannuronate, L-guluronate, and UDP2 fractions are the minimal product types. Products are a series of small size-defined saturated oligosaccharide products from the nonreducing ends of single or different saturated sugar chains and yielding unsaturated products in distinct but restricted pattern. No substrates: chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, dermantan sulfate B, hyaluronan, heparin, or heparin sulfate Flammeovirga sp. MY04 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information enzyme acts only on poly-guluronate Sphingobacterium multivorum ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information enzyme prefers polyG blocks over polyM blocks Sphingomonas sp. A1 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information enzyme prefers polyM blocks over polyG blocks Flavobacterium sp. S20 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information enzyme shows high activities toward both poly(beta-D-mannuronate) and poly(alpha-L-guluronate), reactions of EC 4.2.2.3 and 4.2.2.11, respectively Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information isoforms AlyD and AlyE principally cleave the alpha-1,4 bonds involving alpha-L-guluronate subunits Vibrio splendidus ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information AlyV5 shows activities towards both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, but degrades the former more efficiently. AlyV5 mainly produces disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide from polyguluronate, trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide from polymannuronate Vibrio sp. QY105 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme Alg17c is an exolytic alginate lyase, structure-function characterization of active site residues that are suggested to be involved in the exolytic mechanism of alginate depolymerization, overview Saccharophagus degradans DSM 17024 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme is active on poly-MM, poly-GG, and poly-MG substrates. Exolytic depolymerization of these polysaccharides by alginate lyase yields a monosaccharide and a product containing a DELTA-(4,5)-unsaturated uronic acid moiety. A mixture of alginate di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides are processed into mono- and disaccharides in the presence of Alg17c. An alginate trisaccharide represents the minimal length substrate for Alg17c, complete processing only of the tri- and tetrasaccharide substrates, substrate specificity and binding structure, Fourier electron density map, overview Saccharophagus degradans DSM 17024 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the relative activities for alginate, M, G, and GM blocks are 100%, 75%, 21%, and 15%, respectively Vibrio sp. A9m ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information no substrats: pectin, xanthan, guar gum, arabic gum, sesbania gum, guar gum and carrageenan Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC 5336 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information alginate pentasaccharides that can be cleaved by AlyA1PL7 are GGGGG, GGMGG, GGGMG, and GGMMG Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information the enzyme has a broad substrate tolerance and can cleave M-M, M-G, and G-G linkages at the nonreducing end. The activity is depending on the block structure Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information isoforms AlyD and AlyE principally cleave the alpha-1,4 bonds involving alpha-L-guluronate subunits Vibrio splendidus 12B01 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information KJ-2 poly-mannuronate-guluronate-specific alginate lyase preferably degrades the glycosidic bond in beta-D-mannuronoyl-alpha-L-guluronate linkage than that in alpha-L-guluronoyl-beta-D-mannuronate linkage Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ-2 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information alginate, poly-mannuronate-, poly-guluronate-, and poly-mannuronate-guluronate-block substrates are used, substrate specificity, cf. EC 4.2.2.3, overview. No or poor activity with chondroitin B, agarose, agar, starch, and pectin Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ-2 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 additional information recombinant Alg17C preferentially acts on oligoalginates with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 to produce the alginate monomer, 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid. The enzyme can produce a monomeric sugar acid from alginate by the concerted action of an endo-type alginate lyase and exo-type alginate lyase Alg17C, substrate specificity of Alg17C, overview Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 / ATCC 43961 ? - ? 89 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Sphingobacterium multivorum 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Vibrio sp. NJ-04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Isoptericola halotolerans 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Sphingomonas sp. A1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Flavobacterium sp. S20 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Vibrio sp. W13 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Cobetia sp. NAP1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Shewanella sp. YH1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) about 60% of the activity with alginate Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.11 Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Isoptericola halotolerans NJ-05 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445797 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) - Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) - Pseudoalteromonas sp. ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) - uncultured bacterium ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) - Lambis sp. AAB-2014 ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) 90% of the activity with alginate Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) 108% of the activity with alginate Vibrio sp. ? main products are disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) preferred over poly-(beta1,4-D-mannuronan) Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) - Klebsiella pneumoniae SM0524 ? - ? 417492 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-1,4-guluronate) - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445804 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Pseudomonas fluorescens ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Isoptericola halotolerans ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) best substrate Vibrio sp. ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) unmodified substrate poly-G blocks and substrate that with its reducing end being reduced using sodium borohydride prior to the digestion Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Isoptericola halotolerans CGMCC5336 ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) - Pseudomonas fluorescens HZJ216 ? - ? 417493 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - Vibrio sp. W13 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Vibrio sp. NJ-04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Isoptericola halotolerans 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Sphingomonas sp. A1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Flavobacterium sp. S20 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Vibrio sp. W13 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3 Cobetia sp. NAP1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3, about 20% of the activity with poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) Shewanella sp. YH1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3, about 30% of the activity with alginate Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) reaction of EC 4.2.2.3, about 50% of the activity with poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) or alginate Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445807 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate/alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Vibrio sp. W13 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445810 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate/alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - Cobetia sp. NAP1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445810 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate/alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) about 30% of the activity with poly(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) Shewanella sp. YH1 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) + 4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-(1,4)-alpha-oligo(alpha-(1,4)-L-guluronate) - ? 445810 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid) preferred over poly(alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) uncultured bacterium ? - ? 417495 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. 120% of the activity with alginate Sphingomonas sp. ? - ? 417496 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1,4)-beta-oligo(beta-(1,4)-D-mannuronate) - ? 445821 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. In wild-type, ratio of activity against poly(beta-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-L-guluronic acid) to poly(alpha-L-guluronic acid) is 1.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 417499 4.2.2.11 poly(beta-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-(1->4)-L-guluronic acid) alternating structure of alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid. In wild-type, ratio of activity against poly(beta-D-mannuronic acid/alpha-L-guluronic acid) to poly(alpha-L-guluronic acid) is 1.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae SM0524 ? - ? 417499 4.2.2.11 poly-(alpha-L-guluronate) - Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 430630 4.2.2.11 poly-(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronan) - Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 430631 4.2.2.11 poly-(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronan) 30% of the activity with alginate Vibrio sp. ? main products are trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide ? 430631 4.2.2.11 poly-(beta-(1->4)-D-mannuronan) Km value decreases with increasing substrate length, and kcat/Km increases. Oligomers containing fewer than 9-10 residues are not substrates Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? - ? 430631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Klebsiella aerogenes ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio harveyi ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Klebsiella pneumoniae ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio sp. ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Sphingobacterium multivorum ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Sargassum sp. ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio harveyi AL-128 ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Sphingobacterium multivorum K-11 ? - ? 363397 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio harveyi unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Corynebacterium sp. unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Klebsiella pneumoniae unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio sp. unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Flavobacterium sp. unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Alteromonas sp. unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Sphingobacterium multivorum unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Sargassum sp. unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Klebsiella aerogenes unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate with a smaller proportion of the homologous tetrasaccharide ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Vibrio harveyi AL-128 unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid - Sphingobacterium multivorum K-11 unsaturated 1,4-di-, 1,4-tri- and 1,4-tetrasaccharides of L-guluronate - ? 370631 4.2.2.11 poly-alpha-L-guluronic acid degradation of alginate Corynebacterium sp. 4-deoxy-erythro-hex-4-ene pyranosyluronate + ? - ? 380733 4.2.2.11 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronan - Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363403 4.2.2.11 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronan - Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ? - ? 363403 4.2.2.11 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronan - Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii ? - ? 363403 4.2.2.11 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronan competitive to poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronan Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 363403 4.2.2.11 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronan seems to have slight activity on poly-mannuronan Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ? - ? 363403 4.2.2.11 poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronan seems to have slight activity on poly-mannuronan Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) ATB-1015 ? - ? 363403 4.2.2.11 saturated deca((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 363408 4.2.2.11 saturated deca((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 ? - ? 363408 4.2.2.11 saturated hepta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 363407 4.2.2.11 saturated hepta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 363407 4.2.2.11 saturated hepta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 ? - ? 363407 4.2.2.11 saturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Alteromonas sp. unsaturated tetramer and a saturated dimer - ? 363405 4.2.2.11 saturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) rapidly degraded in the endolytic mode, enzyme has a subsite corresponding to hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) units, cleaving the substrate between subsites two and three from the non-reducing end Corynebacterium sp. unsaturated tetramer and a saturated dimer - ? 363405 4.2.2.11 saturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) rapidly degraded in the endolytic mode, enzyme has a subsite corresponding to hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) units, cleaving the substrate between subsites two and three from the non-reducing end Corynebacterium sp. unsaturated tetramer and a saturated dimer main products, the catalytic site is matched to the linkage between the second and the third uronic residue from the non-reducing end, the degradation of tri((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) does not apparently occur ? 363405 4.2.2.11 saturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) rapidly degraded in the endolytic mode, enzyme has a subsite corresponding to hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) units, cleaving the substrate between subsites two and three from the non-reducing end Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 unsaturated tetramer and a saturated dimer main products, the catalytic site is matched to the linkage between the second and the third uronic residue from the non-reducing end, the degradation of tri((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) does not apparently occur ? 363405 4.2.2.11 saturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 saturated di((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) + unsaturated tetra((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - ? 445881 4.2.2.11 saturated penta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 363402 4.2.2.11 saturated penta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) degraded slower than unsaturated oligoguluronans with the same degree of polymerization, completely different cleavage pattern Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363402 4.2.2.11 saturated penta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) degraded slower than unsaturated oligoguluronans with the same degree of polymerization, completely different cleavage pattern Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular ? - ? 363402 4.2.2.11 saturated penta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. saturated di((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) + unsaturated tri((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - ? 445882 4.2.2.11 saturated penta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Flammeovirga sp. MY04 saturated di((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) + unsaturated tri((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - ? 445882 4.2.2.11 saturated tetra((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. ? - ? 363406 4.2.2.11 saturated tetra((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) only reactive in a high concentration of enzyme, and for a prolonged reaction time Alteromonas sp. ? - ? 363406 4.2.2.11 saturated tetra((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 ? - ? 363406 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate - Saccharophagus degradans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate high activity Vibrio sp. ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate AlyA1PL7 is an endolytic guluronate lyase that preferentially cleaves guluronate stretches Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate AlyA5 cleaves unsaturated units, alpha-L-guluronate or beta-D-manuronate residues, at the nonreducing end of oligo-alginates in an exolytic fashion, cf. EC 4.2.2.3 Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate Alg2A prefers poly-(alpha-L-guluronate) as a substrate over poly-(beta-D-mannuronate), substrate specificity, overview Flavobacterium sp. ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate AlyA1PL7 is an endolytic guluronate lyase that preferentially cleaves guluronate stretches, no activity with poly-(mannuronate-guluronate) and poly-(mannuronate-mannuronate), minimal recognition pattern of AlyA1PL7, overview Zobellia galactanivorans ? mainly trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide oligomers of alginate with a total content of 41% and 36%, respectively, around 19% disaccharide and only a small amount of pentamers and hexamers, LC mass and NMR spectrometric product analysis ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate LC mass and NMR spectrometris product analysis Zobellia galactanivorans ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate AlyA1PL7 is an endolytic guluronate lyase that preferentially cleaves guluronate stretches Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? - ? 368387 4.2.2.11 sodium alginate AlyA1PL7 is an endolytic guluronate lyase that preferentially cleaves guluronate stretches, no activity with poly-(mannuronate-guluronate) and poly-(mannuronate-mannuronate), minimal recognition pattern of AlyA1PL7, overview Zobellia galactanivorans DSM 12802 ? mainly trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide oligomers of alginate with a total content of 41% and 36%, respectively, around 19% disaccharide and only a small amount of pentamers and hexamers, LC mass and NMR spectrometric product analysis ? 368387 4.2.2.11 unsaturated hepta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363401 4.2.2.11 unsaturated hepta((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) - Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular ? - ? 363401 4.2.2.11 unsaturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) the enzyme degrades unsaturated hexaguluronans faster than saturated hexaguluronans, its subsite number appears to be seven Enterobacter cloacae unsaturated triguluronic acid + unsaturated tetraguluronic acid unsaturated trimers are the mayor product ? 363400 4.2.2.11 unsaturated hexa((1-4)-alpha-L-guluronan) the enzyme degrades unsaturated hexaguluronans faster than saturated hexaguluronans, its subsite number appears to be seven Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular unsaturated triguluronic acid + unsaturated tetraguluronic acid unsaturated trimers are the mayor product ? 363400 4.2.2.11 unsaturated pentaguluronan also degrades unsaturated hexa- and hepta-guluronans, not unsaturated oligoguluronans with degree of polymerization less than four, cleaves the second glycosidic linkage from the non-reducing end of unsaturated pentaguluronans and heptaguluronans Enterobacter cloacae ? - ? 363399 4.2.2.11 unsaturated pentaguluronan also degrades unsaturated hexa- and hepta-guluronans, not unsaturated oligoguluronans with degree of polymerization less than four, cleaves the second glycosidic linkage from the non-reducing end of unsaturated pentaguluronans and heptaguluronans Enterobacter cloacae M-1intracellular ? - ? 363399