1.11.1.9 glutathione peroxidase HPAEC cell human primary pulmonary artery endothelial cells 3.2.1.18 exo-alpha-sialidase HPAEC cell - 3.4.21.5 thrombin HPAEC cell both thrombin and thrombin receptor agonist peptide enhance the permeability barrier of cells, both exhibit a potent barrier protective effect when cells are treated with inactive mutant S195A of protein C prior to stimulation. Thrombin exhibits a potent cytoprotective activity in the lipopolysaccharide-induced permeability and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis and adhesion assays in the protein C mutant S195A treated cells. Treatment with the cholesterol depleting molecule methyl-beta-cyclodextrin eliminates the protective effect 4.1.2.27 sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase HPAEC cell -