5.1.3.8 evolution AGE enzymes can be divided in 3 different groups,overview -, 727105 5.1.3.8 evolution mammalian enzyme requires the presence of nucleotide activators and cofactors, while the bacterial enzyme are activated by nucleotide binding, but do not require them as cofactors -, 747472 5.1.3.8 metabolism the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine can be regulated in amammals in two different ways. In the liver, UDP-GlcNAc is epimerized to UDP-ManNAc by the bifunctional UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, while in the kidney (mostly), GlcNAc is directly epimerized to ManNac by GlyNAc 2-epimerase 747472 5.1.3.8 additional information the majority of biocatalytic approaches for Neu5Ac synthesis involve an N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE, EC 5.3.1.8) in combination with an N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL, EC 4.1.3.3) 749219 5.1.3.8 additional information three-dimensional structure modeling, overview -, 727105 5.1.3.8 physiological function N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE) is an important enzyme for the biocatalytic synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) 749219