2.7.7.9	drug target	since the eukaryotic UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases are completely unrelated to their prokaryotic counterparts, it is propose that the GalU enzyme is a critical target to fight the pneumococcal disease. Inactivation of the galU gene completely abolishes the formation of the capsule, and, therefore, renders the pneumococcus completely avirulent. The proposed colorimetric test is as appropriate to screen and characterize specific inhibitors of GalU enzyme in the search of antipneumococcal drugs	761608	
2.7.7.9	drug target	UDP-mediated decrease in the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. UDP is an effective inhibitor of pneumococcal UGPase	760971	
2.7.7.9	evolution	a feature that discriminates UGPs of different species is the quaternary organization. While UGPs in protists are monomers, di- and tetrameric forms exist in bacteria, and the enzyme from yeast and human are octameric UGPs	722370	
2.7.7.9	evolution	the plant UGPases belongs to the so called UGPase-A family	723370	
2.7.7.9	malfunction	in comparison with wild-type strain V07DF2 and complementation strains, the UGP knocked down mutant 24C9 exhibits sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (perturbing membrane integrity) and high sodium chloride concentration (high osmotic pressure stress). More than 25% of the conidia of the mutant developed into short and swollen hypha and formed hyperbranching and compact colonies. The mutant exhibits decreased virulence on cotton and tobacco seedlings. The germination of the mutant spores is significantly delayed compared with the wild-type strain on the host roots	-, 761188	
2.7.7.9	malfunction	knockdown of rml-1, rml-4 and rml-5 (but not rml-2 and rml-3) causes lethality of the embryo	747027	
2.7.7.9	malfunction	lack of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol in the Arabidopsis ugp3 knockout mutant. The mutant does not show significant differences in glycosides and saccharides between wild type and ugp3 mutants	723680	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	essential enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism	-, 761188	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	in sugarcane, UDP-glucose (the product of the reaction) is a branch-point in the carbon channelling into other carbohydrates, such as sucrose and cellulose, which are the major factors for sugarcane productivity	762236	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	involved in cell envelope precursor synthesis	-, 706591	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	involved in sulfolipid synthesis	706224	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	rml-1 and gmp-1 are essential in embryogenesis and larval development	747027	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	the enzyme catalyzes the last and reversible step of the de novo UDP-Glc biosynthetic pathway	-, 722346	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	the enzyme is important in sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, SQDG, biosynthesis in chloroplasts together with UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase, SQD1 EC 3.13.1.1, and SQDG synthase, SQD2, mechanism for SQDG biosynthesis, overview. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol is the only sulfur-containing anionic glycerolipid, a relatively minor relatively minor, and is the least prevalent component of photosynthetic membrane lipids. The function of SQDG under phosphate-limited growth conditions is highly correlated with the regulation of other plant glycerolipid biosyntheses. UGP3 is not involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and cellulose, but rather is likely to be specifically involved in SQDG synthesis	723680	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	the enzyme is involved in the dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic pathway	747027	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	the enzyme is proposed to function in the biosynthesis of trehalose, one component of the maradolipids in the cuticle, which protectworms from harsh environments	747027	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	the enzyme plays a relevant role for paramylon synthesis and other sugar metabolic pathways in Euglena gracilis	-, 760648	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	UDPG-pyrophosphorylase is the key enzyme involved in pullulan biosynthesis and pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans	-, 721973	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	UGP2 is unable to replace UGP1 in the UGP1 knockout lines, even though it bears similar metabolic functions to UGP. The majority of proteins that are responsive to FB1 treatment are located in the chloroplast and have functions associated with photosynthesis	-, 723057	
2.7.7.9	metabolism	UTP/dTTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyl/thymidylyl transferase RML-1 converts alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate in the presence of dTTP or UTP into dTDP-Glc or UDP-Glc, respectively. The dTDP-Glc is used for the biosynthesis of rhamnose in Caenorhabditis elegans, whereas the UDP-Glc may be used in the biosynthesis of glycogen, glycolipids and/or N-glycans	747027	
2.7.7.9	additional information	hUGPs are active in the octameric state and do not dissociate during the enzymatic cycle, structure-function relationships analysis, overview	722370	
2.7.7.9	additional information	structural basis for the reaction mechanism of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, overview. The active sites are located in a deep pocket of each subunit. The tetramerization of HpUGPase does not seem to be related to allosterism	723188	
2.7.7.9	additional information	structure comparison of human and yeast enzyme, overview	721537	
2.7.7.9	additional information	structure comparison of human and yeast enzyme, overview. Depolymerization of hUGPase, like in mutant N491P/L492E, results in monomers and higher enzymatic activity	721537	
2.7.7.9	additional information	structure modeling, overview. The quaternary structure of the enzyme is affected by addition of either single or both substrates in either direction of the reaction, resulting in a shift from UGPase dimers toward monomers, the active form of the enzyme. The substrate-induced changes in quaternary structure of the enzyme may have a regulatory role to assure maximal activity	723370	
2.7.7.9	additional information	structure-function analysis, homology modeling	723142	
2.7.7.9	additional information	UDP-Glc is bound in a deep cleft located at the center of the catalytic domain that consists of highly conserved residues	-, 722346	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	a knockdown mutant of Ugp1 exhibits an impaired mobilization of glycogen and trehalose as well as a reduction in oxidative stress resistance and long-term cell survival during stationary phase. The modulation of Ugp1 level readjusts glycogen and trehalose accumulation in the protein kinase A-related gene mutants. The protein kinase A-dependent phenotypes of oxidative stress resistance and long-term cell survival are also alleviated via adjustment of Ugp1 level	737610	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	OsUgp2 plays an important role in pollen starch accumulation, complicated transcriptional regulation of OsUgp2. The spatio-temporal expression of the gene is mostly codetermined by the types, numbers and positions of cisregulatory elements within the promoter region	723143	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	overexpression of UGPase enhances vegetative growth in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and increases the contents of soluble sugars and cellulose, and thickens parenchyma cell walls	739284	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	the enzyme is a critical factor that regulates FB1-induced programmed cell death, an active form of cell suicide that is tightly regulated at the genetic level, only being activated when required, mechanism, overview	-, 723057	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	the enzyme is absolutely required for the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide, the virulence factor of pneumococcus	761608	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	the enzyme is essential for survival	721537	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	the enzyme plays an important role in Streptococcus zooepidemicus cell envelope hyaluronic acid biosynthesis and it is also recognized as a virulence determinant in several bacterial species	723142	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	the enzyme plays important roles in fungal cell morphogenesis, stress responses, and host infection	-, 761188	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase is an essential enzyme responsible for production of UDP-Glc, which is used in hundreds of glycosylation reactions involving addition of Glc to a variety of compounds	723370	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	UDP-glucose is the onyl precuror for UDP-galactose synthesis, which is one of the sugar nucleotides essentially required for the parasite's survival and infectivity. UDP-glucose is also the glucosyl donor for the unfolded glycoprotein glucosyltransferase involved in glycoprotein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum and is the presumed donor for the synthesis of base J, i.e. beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil, a rare deoxynucleotide found in telomereproximal DNA in the bloodstream form of the parasite	-, 722346	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene affects mycelia growth and polysaccharide synthesis	-, 761275	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	UGP gene silencing by RNAi results in changes in the levels of the intermediate metabolites D-glucose 1-phosphate and UDP-glucose. The compounds and structure of the cell wall in the silenced strains are also altered compared with those in the wild-type strains. The number of hyphal branches is also changed in the silenced strains. In an UGP over-expressing strain, the number of hyphal branches is influenced by UGP. Hyphal branching is regulated by a change in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which is affected by the level of the intermediate metabolite Glc-1-P	738314	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	UGP3 is a plastid UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase that supplies UDP-glucose to UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase, SQD1, in plastids	723680	
2.7.7.9	physiological function	UGPase is crucial in carbohydrate metabolism since UDP-Glc is used for the biosynthesis of glycogen and many other carbohydrate derivatives such as glycolipids, glycoproteins and proteoglycans	723188