2.4.1.242	evolution	diversification of GBSS genes in plants, overview	723548	
2.4.1.242	evolution	genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, starch phenotyping	736995	
2.4.1.242	malfunction	a null mutation of the Wx gene in each of the three genomes is associated with starch almost entirely consisting of the branched glucan polymer amylopectin (waxy starch), with corresponding changes in functionality	759036	
2.4.1.242	malfunction	Arabidopsis thaliana ptst mutants synthesise amylose-free starch and are phenotypically similar to mutants lacking GBSS. Mutation of the CBM domain of PTST causes GBSS to remain in the plastid stroma	737059	
2.4.1.242	malfunction	loss of GBSS activity results in starch granules containing mostly amylopectin and little or no amylose (phenotype waxy)	705654	
2.4.1.242	malfunction	phenotyping of a GBSSIa or GBSSIb null mutant	736995	
2.4.1.242	malfunction	waxy wheat, which accumulates amylose-free starch, is developed by the elimination of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI),1 which is responsible for amylose synthesis in endosperm tissue. Starch of Wx wheat shows a modified gelatinization curve, with a lower gelatinization onset temperature, higher peak viscosity, and lower setback compared to wild-type wheat	722432	
2.4.1.242	metabolism	relationships among amylose and amylopectin accumulation and enzyme activities related to starch synthesis, involving GBSS, overview	722897	
2.4.1.242	metabolism	the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylose	759036	
2.4.1.242	metabolism	tropical tree Cecropia peltata is a rare example of an organism able to make either polymer type, glycogen and starch. Glycogen accumulates to very high levels in specialized myrmecophytic structures (Müllerian bodies), whereas starch accumulates in leaves. Compared with polymers comprising leaf starch, glycogen is more highly branched and has shorter branches, factors that prevent crystallization and explain its solubility	736982	
2.4.1.242	additional information	differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between Ilpumbyeo and Goami 2 are similar between Nipponbare and ami-BEIIb, a transgenic line with downregulated SBEIIb	-, 722433	
2.4.1.242	additional information	differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between indica variety IR36 and its SBEIIb mutant, IR36ae, which has more amylose chains than IR36 due to more active GBSSI	-, 722433	
2.4.1.242	additional information	the very low and low apparent amylose content levels are tightly associated with a G to T in the first intron whereas intermediate and high amylose is associated with a T genotype at SNP in exon 10. The correlation between the combination of T genotype at SNP in the first intron, C in exon 6, or C in exon 10 is predominant among low amylose rice varieties, existence of Wxop allele in Vietnamese rice germplasm. The low amylose properties of Vietnamese local rice germplasm are attributable to spontaneous mutations at exons, and not at the splicing donor site	735878	
2.4.1.242	additional information	three-dimensional structures of free and ADP-glucose bound catalytic domain, overview	721877	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking plastidial protein PTST synthesise amylose-free starch and are phenotypically similar to mutants lacking granule-bound starch synthase GBSS. PTST mutant starch granules show a dramatic reduction of GBSS protein. GBSS physically interacts with PTST via a coiled coil. The carbohydrate binding module of PTST, which mediates its interaction with starch granules, is also required for correct GBSS localisation. Arabidopsis GBSS requires the presence of Arabidopsis PTST to localise to starch granules. Mutation of the carbohydrate binding module of PTST causes GBSS to remain in the plastid stroma	737059	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	expression of GBSS genes is likely related to starch accumulation in fruit	723548	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	GBSS is responsible for the biosynthesis of the amylose	706746	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	GBSS1 can form oligomers in rice endosperm, and oligomerized OsGBSS1 exhibits much higher specific enzymatic activity than the monomer. A monomer-oligomer transition equilibrium occurs in the endosperm during development. Redox potential is a key factor affecting the oligomer percentage as well as the enzymatic activity. Adenosine diphosphate glucose, the direct donor of glucose, also impacts GBSS1 oligomerization in a concentration-dependent manner. GBSS1 oligomerization is influenced by phosphorylation status, which is strongly enhanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK and ATP treatment and is sharply weakened by protein phosphatase treatment	-, 737040	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	GBSS1 is the key enzyme in amylose synthesis and exclusively controls all enzyme activities in this pathway, overview. GBSS1 activity is increased compared to wild-type when soluble starch synthases SS2 and SS1 are missing, and the total amount of amylose in the leaves is elevated, SS1 and SS2 activity both can influence the activity of GBSS1	720128	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	granule-bound starch synthase I, GBSSI, which is responsible for amylose synthesis in endosperm tissue	722432	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis, isozyme MaGBSSI-3 might be involved in the later stages (30-60 days) of starch granule filling during the development of banana fruit	737141	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis, the isozymes MaGBSSI-1, MaGBSSI-2, MaGBSSI-4, MaGBSSII-1, and MaGBSSII-2 might be involved in the early stages (0-30 d) of starch granule-filling	737141	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis, the isozymes MaGBSSI-1, MaGBSSI-2, MaGBSSI-4, MaGBSSII-1, and MaGBSSII-2 might be involved in the early stages (0–30 d) of starch granule-filling	737141	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue	706158	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	responsible for amylose synthesis in starch granules	705654	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	the expression level of the GBSSII-1 gene is positively correlated with amylose accumulation in lotus rhizome and seed	737007	
2.4.1.242	physiological function	the waxy protein GBSSI, encoded by the wx locus, is an enzyme essential for amylose synthesis	721877