1.2.1.36	evolution	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily that oxidizes aldehydes to their corresponding acids, reactions that are coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH	763529	
1.2.1.36	evolution	the enzyme is a member of the ALDH1 protein family	743375	
1.2.1.36	malfunction	ablation of retinoic acid signaling in host dencritic cells by deletion of isoform RALDH2 protects mice from acute graft-versus-host disease. Isoform RALDH1 deletion fails to reduce acute graft-versus-host disease	763337	
1.2.1.36	malfunction	acute inflammation rapidly downregulates ALDH1A1 expression in whole liver while increasing its expression in periportal macrophages	743375	
1.2.1.36	malfunction	H-1299 cells expressing C302A, E107G, and I304K mutant forms of ALDH1A1 lacked aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity	763529	
1.2.1.36	metabolism	ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 have the same GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity	763529	
1.2.1.36	metabolism	both isoforms Raldh1 and -2 contribute to atRA biosynthesis in hippocampus astrocytes	725461	
1.2.1.36	metabolism	retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 induction impairs glucose metabolism partly via modulating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 and glucokinase expressions	762688	
1.2.1.36	metabolism	the enzyme plays a role in the physiological metabolism of apocarotenoids	763752	
1.2.1.36	additional information	enzyme structure comparisons, overview	763136	
1.2.1.36	additional information	high-fat diet significantly decreases basal retinal levels in liver to 44% of control rats. Enhanced activity and expression of RALDHs in liver of high-fat diet rats	-, 743142	
1.2.1.36	additional information	MAPK activation is required for GM-CSF-induced Aldh1a2 expression and Sp1 nuclear translocation. Sp1 participates in the Aldh1a2 expression. CpG methylation in the Aldh1a2 promoter region inhibits Sp1-dependent Aldh1a2 promoter activation. Aldh1a2 transcription silencing by CpG methylation of the promoter region is not due to direct interference with Sp1 binding to the promoter region	-, 743660	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 increases NADH levels and promotes tumor growth via glutathione/dihydrolipoic acid-dependent NAD+ reduction. ALDH1A1 can also use glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as electron donors to reduce NAD+ to NADH. The GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 is not affected by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor or by mutation of the residues in its aldehyde-binding pocket. It is thus a distinct biochemical reaction from the classic aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity catalyzed by ALDH1A1. The GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 can decrease cellular NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H ratio and promote tumor growth. The tumor-promoting effect of ALDH1A1 is achieved, at least partially, through decreasing the cellular NAD+/ NADH ratio	763529	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	ALDH1A1 contributes to protection of A-549 cells against retinaldehyde toxicity. ALDH1 confers protection against retinaldehyde toxicity in cancer cells	763530	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	ALDH1A1 is a NAD+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase that participates in multiple metabolic pathways and has been indicated to play an important role in obesity and diabetes	762790	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	changes in ALDH1A1 expression appear to be part of the early acute-phase inflammatory response, which alters the expression of other retinoid homeostatic genes	743375	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	enzyme BcALDH is an atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase having bidirectional oxidizing and reducing activities	763136	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	isoform RALDH2 expression in dendritic cells is critical to control acute graft-versus-host disease lethality	763337	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	retinal dehydrogenase 5 is an important enzyme in the visual cycle and plays a crucial role in suppressing proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma	763150	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is required to activate retinoic acid signaling at the onset of gastrulation	711830	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	retinoic acid-producing dendritic cells play critical roles in gut immunity. Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) encoded by Aldh1a2 is a key enzyme for generating retinoic acid in dendritic cells	-, 743660	
1.2.1.36	physiological function	the cytosolic isozymes ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3 play important roles in cell signaling via oxidation of retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. In the cell, retinoic acid produced in the cytoplasm binds to cellular retinoic acid binding protein type II, and is transferred to the nucleus where it binds to heterodimers of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Once activated, these receptor complexes bind to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs), which are regulatory sequences that induce gene transcription and modulate a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	762901