2.3.3.8 down 48 h after exhaustion of nitrogen in the culture, the enzyme shows marked decrease (84%) in activity. The enzyme activity decreases in a time period of 20-100 h during lipid accumulation -, 718581 2.3.3.8 down mRNA transcript levels decrease during normal macrophage differentiation from bone marrow precursors 756281 2.3.3.8 down transcription of genes aclA and aclB is repressed by growth on acetate or ethanol -, 719383 2.3.3.8 up enzyme activity increases with dissolved oxygen and upon ammonium depletion in an ammonium-limited culture -, 701861 2.3.3.8 up enzyme mRNA and protein levels markedly (about 2.5fold) and quickly increase in activated macrophages. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma upregulate enzyme gene expression 735597 2.3.3.8 up high glucose upregulates ATP-citrate lyase expression 755769 2.3.3.8 up highly induced in ob/ob BTBR mice 756693 2.3.3.8 up highly induced in the kidney of overweight or obese patients with chronic kidney disease. Induction is associated with increased ectopic lipid accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, and albuminuria. Acetyl-CoA is the substrate for de novo lipogenesis as well as for histone acetylation. By raising acetyl-CoA concentration ATP-citrate lyase promotes H3K9/14 and H3K27 hyperacetylation leading to up-regulation of several rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes and fibrogenic factors. On the other hand, the excess acetyl-CoA generated as a result of ATP-citrate lyase induction provides the substrate for these lipogenic enzymes to drive de novo lipogenesis leading to ectopic lipid accumulation, a detrimental event toward renal injury 756693 2.3.3.8 up in mesangial cells, the enzyme is synergistically induced by high glucose, palmitate, and TNF-alpha via NF-kapaB and PKA pathways 756693 2.3.3.8 up low molecular weight cyclin E upregulates enzymatic activity, subsequently increasing lipid droplet formation, thereby providing cells with essential building blocks to support growth 756335 2.3.3.8 up overexpressed in many cancers. ACLY transcription is promoted by SREBP1 756333 2.3.3.8 up sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 up-regulates the enzyme at mRNA level via Akt signaling 718760 2.3.3.8 up the enzyme activity increases in the first 20 h during lipid accumulation -, 718581 2.3.3.8 up the enzyme is overexpressed in cancer cells 756645 2.3.3.8 up there are about 3fold increased levels of the enzyme in glioblastoma pseudopodia compared to unmigrated cells 704077