4.1.3.16	medicine	mutations in the gene encoding for 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase are associated with an excessive production of oxalate in Primary Hyperoxaluria type 3, PH3. Analysis of nine PH3 human variants reveals that all nine PH3 variants are quite unstable, have a tendency to aggregate, and retain no measurable activity. A buildup of 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate takes place in the urine, sera and liver samples from PH3 patients. One hypothetical component of the molecular basis for the excessive oxalate production in PH3 appears to be the inhibition of glyoxylate reductase by 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate, resulting in a phenotype similar to Primary Hyperoxaluria type 2	721727	
4.1.3.16	synthesis	use as synthetic tool for C-C bond formation considered	5252