2.3.1.16	agriculture	a single nucleotide substitution, a T to C transition located in the 3' untranslated region of the ACAA2 gene is significantly associated with total lactation production and milk protein percentage, with respective additive effects of 6.81 kg and -0.05%. A significant dominance effect of 0.46 kg is detected for milk fat yield. Homozygous TT and heterozygous CT animals exhibit higher milk yield compared with homozygous CC animals. mRNA expression of the ACAA2 gene from TT animals is 2.8- and 11.8fold higher in liver and mammary gland, respectively. The T allele is expressed at an average of 18% more compared with the C allele in the udder of randomly selected ewes	
2.3.1.16	medicine	mutation in the thiolase gene causes severe health problems, such as ketoacidic attacks at the age of six months followed by severe retardation	
2.3.1.16	medicine	3-ketoacyl coenzyme-A thiolase inhibition could be a treatment for patients with heart failure	
2.3.1.16	synthesis	engineering of Escherichia coli for direct and modulated biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer. An Escherichia coli strain with an activated sleeping beauty mutase (Sbm) operon is used to generate propionyl-CoA as a precursor. Two acetyl-CoA moieties or acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA are condensed to form acetoacetyl-CoA and 3-ketovaleryl-CoA, respectively, by functional expression of beta-ketothiolases from Cupriavidus necator (i.e. PhaA and BktB). The resulting thioester intermediates are channeled into the polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthetic pathway through functional expression of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB) for thioester reduction and PHA synthase (PhaC) for subsequent polymerization. High-level poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer production ranging from 3 to 19 mol%, can be achieved