6.3.4.2	ATP + UTP + glutamine	CTP synthetase is a cytosolic-associated glutamine amidotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine to the C-4 position of UTP to form CTP. CTP is an essential precursor of all membrane phospholipids that are synthesized via the Kennedy, i.e. CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine branches, and CDP-diacylglycerol pathways. The URA7-encoded CTP synthetase is responsible for the majority of the CTP made in vivo. Regulation mechanisms, detailed overview	
6.3.4.2	ATP + UTP + glutamine	the CTPS1-encoded enzyme is regulated by reversible phosphorylation at Thr455, regulation mechanisms, overview	
6.3.4.2	ATP + UTP + L-glutamine	-	
6.3.4.2	ATP + UTP + NH3	-	
6.3.4.2	ATP + UTP + NH3	CTPS1 is involved in microtubule network formation and/or stabilzation, overview	
6.3.4.2	ATP + UTP + NH4+	last step in CTP biosynthesis	
6.3.4.2	additional information	key enzyme for biosynthesis of cytosine ribonucleotides	
6.3.4.2	additional information	the enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in synthesis of cytosine nucleotides from both de novo and uridine-salvage pathways	
6.3.4.2	additional information	rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cytosine nucleotides from both de novo and uridine-salvage pathways. In human lymphoblastic leukemia cells the synthesis of CTP occurs predominantly via CTP synthetase, whereas in proliferating normal human T lymphocytes the salvage of cytidine is preferred	
6.3.4.2	additional information	repression of the pyrG gene encoding cytidine triphosphate synthetase is responsive to cytidine nucleotide levels and is independent of both uridine nucleotides and PyrR-dependent attenuation	
6.3.4.2	additional information	CTP limitation increases expression of CTP synthase in Lactococcus lactis. At normal CTP concentrations a terminator is preferentially formed in the pyrG leader, thereby reducing expression of CTP synthase. At low CTP concentrations the RNA polymerase pauses at a stretch of C residues inthe pyrG leader, thereby allowing an antiterminator to form and transcription to proceed	
6.3.4.2	additional information	in Lactococcus lactis the pyrG gene product is the only enzyme responsible for the amination of UTP to CTP	
6.3.4.2	additional information	the enzyme is one of the key enzymes in pyrimidine nucleotide anabolic pathways. The activity of this enzyme is elevated in various malignancies including acute lymphocytic leukemia	
6.3.4.2	additional information	CTP synthetase plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of CTP and dCTP	
6.3.4.2	additional information	regulation of CTP synthetase activity by CTP plays an important role in the regulation of phospholipid synthesis	
6.3.4.2	additional information	the enzyme is allosterically regulated by CTP product inhibition and by reversible phosphorylation	
6.3.4.2	UTP + ATP + NH3	the enzyme is regulated in a complex fashion, overview