3.1.3.4 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O - 3.1.3.4 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3 phosphate insulin and epinephrine control lipin 1 primarily by changing localization rather than intrinsic PAP activity, overview 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O - 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O dephosphorylation of these lipids terminates their signaling actions and generates products with additional biological activities or metabolic fates, overview 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O key enzyme in glycerolipid synthesis, diacylglycerol is direct precursor of triacylglycerol, phosphoatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Lipin-1 influences lipid homeostasis and plays a critical role in adipocyte development with lipin-1A and lipin-1B having distinct purposes in the process, overview. Phosphorylation plays an important role in modulation of enzyme activity, overview 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O key enzyme in glycerolipid synthesis, diacylglycerol is direct precursor of triacylglycerol, phosphoatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Pah1p regulates nuclear membrane growth during cell cycle. Phosphorylation plays an important role in modulation of enzyme activity, overview 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O key enzyme in the regulation of lipid synthesis, it PAP generates a pool of diacylglycerol used for protein kinase C activation, and attenuates the signaling functions of phosphatidic acid 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O key enzyme in the regulation of lipid synthesis, PAP generates a pool of diacylglycerol used for protein kinase C activation, and attenuates the signaling functions of phosphatidic acid 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O lipin 1 is a bifunctional intracellular protein that regulates fatty acid metabolism in the nucleus via interactions with DNA-bound transcription factors and at the endoplasmic reticulum as a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase enzyme to catalyze the penultimate step in triglyceride synthesis. Lipin 2 plays an important role as a hepatic PAP-1 enzyme 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O lipin-1 is negatively regulated by phosphorylation during mitosis 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O lipin-1 plays a critical role in the perturbation of hepatic insulin signaling 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O lipin-2 is negatively regulated by phosphorylation during mitosis 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O phosphatidate phosphatases are key enzymes in lipid biosynthesis and signaling. Type I PAP enzymes participate in de-novo phospholipid biosynthesis, whereas type II PAP enzymes have an established role in lipid signaling. The eukaryotic, endoplasmic reticulum-resident PA-PSP is a bifunctional enzyme with specific type II PAP activity, and regulates, in addition to type I PAPs, the de-novo biosynthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerols 3.1.3.4 a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O the enzyme is involved in lipid synthesis and cell signalling 3.1.3.4 diacylglycerol diphosphate + H2O - 3.1.3.4 diacylglycerol diphosphate + H2O the bifunctional DPP1 catalyzes the removal of the beta-phosphate from diacylglycerol diphosphate to form phosphatidate, reaction of EC 3.1.3.B2, and it then removes the phosphate from phosphatidate to form diacylglycerol, zinc-mediated regulation, overview 3.1.3.4 lysophosphatidic acid + H2O - 3.1.3.4 lysophosphatidic acid + H2O LPP3 regulates intracellular and extracellular lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling through the dephosphorylation of these bioactive lipids 3.1.3.4 additional information - 3.1.3.4 additional information the functional role of the enzyme in lamellar bodies is proposed in relation to glycerophospholipd metabolism 3.1.3.4 additional information activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 and attendant arachidonic acid release by phorbol esters in WISH cells requires prior generation of diacylglycerol by phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme is involved in de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme from plasma membrane increases in liver fibrosis but not regeneration. Stimulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase with its effect on the diacylglycerol/phosphatidate ratio may play a role in transduction of the fibrosis signal 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme is proposed to catalyze the first enzymatic step in the important glucolipid pathway 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme plays a major role in the synthesis of phospholipid and triacylglycerol 3.1.3.4 additional information critical roles of the enzyme in cell growth and differentiation 3.1.3.4 additional information the 45000 Da enzyme form and 104000 Da enzyme form are induced when cells enter the stationary phase of growth 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme may play an important role in regulating inflammatory cell responses to extracellular phosphatidic acid in biological system 3.1.3.4 additional information the Mg2+-dependent enzyme of rat lung is involved in pulmonary glycerolipid biosynthesis 3.1.3.4 additional information the diacylglycerol formed by the enzyme is used as a substrate for galactolipid synthesis on the inner envelope membrane 3.1.3.4 additional information the activity associated with the cytosol has a role in phosphocholine biosynthesis in rat lung 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme catalyzes the final steps in the reesterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerols 3.1.3.4 additional information key enzyme involved in glycerolipid synthesis where it converts phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol. PAP-1 is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis 3.1.3.4 additional information rate-limiting enzyme for triglyceride synthesis, short-term administration of conjugated linoleic acid reduces activity 20% 3.1.3.4 additional information role of PAP-1 as a key enzyme for cell integrity and survival 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme plays an important role in regulating lipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enzyme is also involved in cell signaling mechanisms as part of the phospholipase D-phosphatidate phosphatase pathway 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways, LPP-1 regulates lysophosphatidic acid- and platelet-derived-growth-factor-induced cell migration via the p42/p44 MAPK pathway, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways, physiological roles of enzyme activity at the cell surface and intracellularly, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways, thus the enzyme is involved in cell division, cytoskeletal rearrangement, Ca2+ transients, and membrane movement, the enzyme is also able to hydrolyze extracellular substrates, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, involved in wound repair and tumor growth, metabolism of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, intra- and extracellular function, LPP-3 is involved in embryonal axis patterning, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways, thus the enzyme is involved in cell division, cytoskeletal rearrangement, Ca2+ transients, and membrane movement, the enzyme is also able to hydrolyze extracellular substrates, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, involved in wound repair and tumor growth, metabolism of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, intra- and extracellular function, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways, thus the enzyme is involved in cell division, cytoskeletal rearrangement, Ca2+ transients, and membrane movement, the enzyme is also able to hydrolyze extracellular substrates, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, involved in wound repair and tumor growth, metabolism of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, intra- and extracellular function, Wunen and Wunen2 are essential for germ cell development, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids acting in signalling pathways, thus the enzyme is involved in cell division, cytoskeletal rearrangement, Ca2+ transients, and membrane movement, the enzyme is also able to hydrolyze extracellular substrates, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, involved in wound repair and tumor growth, overview, expression of PRG-1 in neurons increases extracellular lysophosphatidic acid breakdown and attenuates LPA-induced axonal retraction, metabolism of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, intra- and extracellular function, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information LPP is involved in regulation of bioactive lipids, physiological roles of LPP isozymes 3.1.3.4 additional information regulation of cell survival by lipid phosphate phosphatases involves the modulation of intracellular phosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate pools, the enzyme reduces the stimulation of the p42/p44 MAPK signalling pathway by sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme activity is involved in generation of phosphatidic acid and diaclyglycerol implicated in signal transduction, and in aging, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme dephosphorylates bioactive lipid messengers, modifying or attenuating their activities, it plays a pivotal role in primordial germ cell migration and survival during embryogenesis 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme is involved in phototransduction, the enzyme acts synergistically with the diacylglycerol kinase, encoded by gene rdgA, both regulating response termination during phototransduction, regulation of phototransduction and phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate lipid signaling cascade, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme regulates the level of phosphorylated lipids acting as growth factors or second messengers, the enzyme is involved in lipid signaling pathways 3.1.3.4 additional information Wunen and Wunen2 are involved in regulation of bioactive lipids and in survival and migration of germ cells, physiological roles of LPP isozymes 3.1.3.4 additional information expression of phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a, which hydrolyzes lipids to generate diacylglycerol, is regulated by p73, a member of the p53 family, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information increasing LPP2 activity causes premature cyclin A expression and decreased LPP2 expression delays cyclin A expression, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information lipin-1 Smp2 exhibits phosphatidate phosphatase type-1 activity, which plays a key role in glycerolipid synthesis 3.1.3.4 additional information mutations in laza causes a reduction in the light response and faster termination kinetics, loss of laza suppressed the severity of the phenotype caused by mutation of the diacylglycerol kinase, RDGA, retinal degeneration resulting from overexpression of the phospholipase D is suppressed by elimination of Laza, the flies have a requirement for a PLD/PAP-dependent pathway for achieving the maximal light response, since the Drosophila phototransduction cascade serves as a paradigm for characterizing the regulation of sensory signaling and TRP channels in vivo 3.1.3.4 additional information phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, PAP, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, the second messenger responsible for activation of protein kinase C 3.1.3.4 additional information phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase-1 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human U937 macrophages or P388D1 cells, inhibition of PAP-1 results in a decrease in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA transcript production, COX-2 protein expression, and prostaglandin E2 release, regulation, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme is involved in the activation of 5-lipoxygenase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes together with phospholipase D via diacylglyceride generation, PLD/PA-P pathway, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme is regulated by estrogens in the liver and the uterus, E2 downregulates the enzyme in the uterus via the estrogen receptor in a primary response, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information the enzyme plays a major role in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PAH1 gene product is essential for its roles in lipid metabolism and cell physiology, role of PAH1-encoded PAP1 in lipid synthesis, pathway, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information expression of lipin-1 cells stimulates glycerolipid synthesis and secretion in McA-RH7777, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information hyperactivation of TORC2 exacerbates insulin resistance by enhancing expression of LIPIN1, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase for diacylglycerol synthesis, overview 3.1.3.4 additional information lipin 2 is dynamically regulated in liver but is not a target gene of PGC-1alpha 3.1.3.4 additional information lipin-1 operates as a transcriptional coactivator in the nucleus together with nuclear receptors and coactivators to modulate gene expression in lipid metabolism. Lipin-1 levels are reduced in adipocytes from obesive persons. Lipin-2 mutations are involved in human diseases such as cutaneous inflammation, osteomyelitis and dyserythropoietic anemia, muations of lipin-1 cause recurrent acute myoglobinuria 3.1.3.4 additional information lipin-1 operates as a transcriptional coactivator together with nuclear receptors and coactivators to modulate gene expression in lipid metabolism 3.1.3.4 additional information lipin-1 operates as a transcriptional coactivator together with nuclear receptors and coactivators, e.g. PPARgamma coactivator 1alpha, i.e. PGC-1alpha, to modulate gene expression in lipid metabolism 3.1.3.4 additional information phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase 1 and protein kinase C are required for Toll-like receptor-4-mediated group IVA phospholipase A2 activation, regulation, overview 3.1.3.4 phosphatidate + H2O - 3.1.3.4 phosphatidate + H2O biochemical regulation of PA phosphatases involving phospholipids, nucleotides ATP and CTP and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, phosphorylation does not affect substrate binding but does alter the catalytic step in the reaction, overview, PA phosphatase activity is regulated by biochemical and genetic mechanisms in a reciprocal manner with the regulation of the phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme phosphatidylserin synthase, overview 3.1.3.4 phosphatidate + H2O preferred substrate 3.1.3.4 phosphatidate + H2O the bifunctional DPP1 catalyzes the removal of the beta-phosphate from diacylglycerol diphosphate to form phosphatidate, reaction of EC 3.1.3.B2, and it then removes the phosphate from phosphatidate to form diacylglycerol, zinc-mediated regulation, overview 3.1.3.4 phosphatidic acid + H2O - 3.1.3.4 phosphatidic acid + H2O lipid phosphate phosphatase enzymes may play a role in signal transduction by terminating signaling events of lipid phosphates 3.1.3.4 phosphatidic acid + H2O lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 regulates lysophosphatidate-induced fibroblast migration by controlling phospholipase D2-dependent phosphatidate generation, LPP1 expression decreases PLD activity and PA accumulation after stimulating fibroblasts with either LPA or PDGF, but PLD-dependent PA formation Is only required for LPA-induced fibroblast migration, overview 3.1.3.4 phosphatidic acid + H2O PAP activity has a central role in the synthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerol through its product diacylglycerol, and it also generates and/or degrades lipid-signaling molecules that are related to phosphatidate, isozyme PAP1 plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis, overview 3.1.3.4 phosphatidic acid + H2O the plastidic phosphatidic acid phosphatase dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to yield diacylglycerol, which is a precursor for galactolipids, a primary and indispensable component of photosynthetic membranes 3.1.3.4 sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O - 3.1.3.4 sphingosine-1-phosphate + H2O - 3.1.3.4 sphingosine-1-phosphate + H2O LPP3 regulates intracellular and extracellular lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling through the dephosphorylation of these bioactive lipids