1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NAD(P)H + H+ xylose reductase, using either NADH or NADPH, reduces D-xylose to xylitol, subsequently xylitol is oxidized to D-xylulose by a NAD+-linked xylulose dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.9 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADH + H+ - 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ - 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ expression of Texr is inducible by the same carbon sources responsible for the induction of genes encoding enzymes relevant to lignocellulose hydrolysis, suggesting a coordinated expression of intracellular and extracellular enzymes relevant to hydrolysis and metabolism of pentose sugars in Talaromyces emersonii in adaptation to its natural habitat. This indicates a potential advantage in survival and response to a nutrient-poor environment 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ key enzyme in xylose metabolism 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ whereas in most bacteria metabolism of D-xylose proceeds via direct isomerization to D-xylulose, catalysed by xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5), in yeasts this conversion is catalysed by the sequential action of two oxidoreductases: xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.9) 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ xylose reductase is one of the key enzymes for xylose fermentation 1.1.1.307 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ xylose reductases catalyse the initial reaction in the xylose utilisation pathway, the NAD(P)H dependent reduction of xylose to xylitol 1.1.1.307 xylitol + NAD(P)+ - 1.1.1.307 xylitol + NAD+ - 1.1.1.307 xylitol + NADP+ -