4.1.3.1 (1R,2R,6E)-8-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-[[(1S,4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]oct-6-en-1-yl hydrogen sulfate - 66027 4.1.3.1 (1S,4bS,10aR,12aS)-10a-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-1-formyl-4b,7,7,12a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12,12a-hexadecahydrochrysene-2-carboxylic acid scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 150382 4.1.3.1 (2-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether - 85364 4.1.3.1 (2-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ether - 85356 4.1.3.1 (2E,6E)-9-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylnona-2,6-dienal - 84835 4.1.3.1 (2E,7E)-10-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-3,7-dimethyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)deca-2,7-dienal - 84837 4.1.3.1 (2R)-2-[(3E,7E)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,8,11-trimethyldodeca-3,7,10-trien-1-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol - 84836 4.1.3.1 (2R,3R,4S,6E)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-16-methylheptadec-6-en-4-yl hydrogen sulfate - 226307 4.1.3.1 (2S,7E)-9-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]non-7-en-2-yl sulfate - 226323 4.1.3.1 (3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone - 85361 4.1.3.1 (4R,5R)-4-[(2E)-5-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-methylpent-2-en-1-yl]-2-methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one - 84838 4.1.3.1 (4S,5bR,11aS,13aS,13bR)-4-hydroxy-5b,8,8,11a,13a-pentamethyl-1,4,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a,13b-octadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-1-yl acetate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72790 4.1.3.1 (4S,5bS,11aR,13aS,13bR)-11a-formyl-4-hydroxy-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-1,4,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a,13b-octadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-1-yl acetate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72791 4.1.3.1 (4S,5bS,11aR,13aS,13bR)-11a-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-1,4,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a,13b-octadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-1,4-diyl diacetate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72792 4.1.3.1 (5bR,7aS,11aR,11bS,13R,13aS,13bS)-1-hydroxy-11a-(hydroxymethyl)-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-1,3,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a,13b-octadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-13-yl acetate - 226403 4.1.3.1 (5bR,7aS,11aS,11bR,13R,13aS,13bR)-1-methoxy-5b,8,8,11a,13a-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,3,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a,13b-octadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-13-yl acetate - 226404 4.1.3.1 (5bS,11aR,13aS,13bR)-11a-(hydroxymethyl)-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,3,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13,13a,13b-octadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-1-yl acetate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72805 4.1.3.1 (5E)-5-[(2R,6E,10E)-13-furan-3-yl-2,6,10-trimethyltrideca-6,10-dien-1-ylidene]-4-hydroxy-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one linear furanosesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72806 4.1.3.1 (5Z)-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(S)-(3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]-5-(3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one - 226410 4.1.3.1 (5Z)-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(S)-(3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]-5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one i.e. cadiolide H, purified from the ascidian Synoicum sp. 194122 4.1.3.1 (5Z)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one i.e. cadiolide E, purified from the ascidian Synoicum sp. 194120 4.1.3.1 (5Z)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-5-[(2,4-dibromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]furan-2(5H)-one - 226411 4.1.3.1 (5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(S)-(3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]furan-2(5H)-one i.e. cadiolide G, purified from the ascidian Synoicum sp. 194121 4.1.3.1 (5Z)-5-[(2R,5Z,9Z)-13-furan-3-yl-2,6,10-trimethyltrideca-5,9-dien-1-ylidene]-4-hydroxy-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one linear furanosesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72819 4.1.3.1 (E)-2-(3-methylnon-2-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol - 66791 4.1.3.1 (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol - 66790 4.1.3.1 (E)-2-(9-hydroxy-3-methylnon-2-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol - 66792 4.1.3.1 1,2-bis(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione - 41504 4.1.3.1 1-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-6-ol - 84826 4.1.3.1 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-b-carboline - 226533 4.1.3.1 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-b-carboline - 84833 4.1.3.1 1-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-nitropropan-1-one - 84821 4.1.3.1 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-b-carboline - 84834 4.1.3.1 1-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(6-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione i.e. hyrtiosin B 226543 4.1.3.1 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-b-carboline - 84832 4.1.3.1 1-carboxy-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-beta-carboline weak inhibition, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family) 75645 4.1.3.1 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-[4-(3-nitropropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid - 84824 4.1.3.1 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-[4-([(3Z)-3-[2-(methoxycarbamothioyl)hydrazinylidene]-5-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl]methyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid - 226553 4.1.3.1 1-cyclopropyl-7-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-nitropropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid - 85355 4.1.3.1 1-cyclopropyl-7-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-nitropropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid a fluoroquinolone derivative and structural analogue of succinate 194435 4.1.3.1 1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-N'-tridecanoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazide - 226555 4.1.3.1 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-7-[3-methyl-4-(3-nitropropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid - 84825 4.1.3.1 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-[4-(3-nitropropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid - 84823 4.1.3.1 12-deacetoxy-23-acetoxy-19-O-acetylscalarin cytotoxic, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72945 4.1.3.1 12-deacetoxy-23-acetoxyscalarin cytotoxic, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72946 4.1.3.1 12-deacetoxy-23-hydroxyheteronemin cytotoxic, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 72947 4.1.3.1 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane - 66794 4.1.3.1 2,2',3-tribromo-3',4,4',5-tetrahydroxy-6'-hydroxymethyldiphenylmethane - 66797 4.1.3.1 2,2',3-tribromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl - 85363 4.1.3.1 2,2'-dibromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl - 85362 4.1.3.1 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol - 66795 4.1.3.1 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether - 66796 4.1.3.1 2,5-dichloro-3-[(3E)-4-chloro-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yn-1-yl]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione - 226604 4.1.3.1 2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol - 66789 4.1.3.1 2-(4-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate - 194441 4.1.3.1 2-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194162 4.1.3.1 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-3-yl)ethan-1-one - 226673 4.1.3.1 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate - 194442 4.1.3.1 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194167 4.1.3.1 2-allylbenzene-1,4-diol - 66788 4.1.3.1 2-hydroxy-1-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone - 41502 4.1.3.1 2-mercaptoethanol - 63 4.1.3.1 2-mercaptoethanol increase of activity 63 4.1.3.1 2-methylidenebutanedioic acid i.e. itaconate 138593 4.1.3.1 2-oxoglutarate - 34 4.1.3.1 2-oxoglutarate 19% inhibition at 5 mM 34 4.1.3.1 2-[(2E,7R,8R)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]non-2-en-1-yl]benzene-1,4-diol - 66028 4.1.3.1 3,4-dihydrohyrtiosulawesine - 227761 4.1.3.1 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine - 66793 4.1.3.1 3-bromo-4-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxymethylpyrocatechol - 66798 4.1.3.1 3-Bromopyruvate - 2816 4.1.3.1 3-nitro-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one - 84820 4.1.3.1 3-nitro-1-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one - 84822 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropanoate - 12354 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate 50% inhibition at 0.04 mM 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate - 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate irreversible inactivation 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate no growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on fatty acids after addition of 3-nitropropionate 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate 0.133 mM, complete inhibition 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate 0.1 mM, inhibition of bacterial growth on and metabolisation of proprionate as sole carbon in absence of Vitamin B12 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate a succinate analogue. Inhibition by 3-nitropropionate proceeds through an unusual double slow-onset process featuring formation of a complex with a Ki of 0.0033 mM during the first minute, followed by formation of a final complex with a Ki* of 44 nM over the course of several min to hours 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionate nearly complete inhibition at 6 mM 2128 4.1.3.1 3-nitropropionic acid - 9043 4.1.3.1 3-phosphoglycerate - 194 4.1.3.1 3-phosphoglycerate 29% inhibition at 1 mM 194 4.1.3.1 4,4'-(hexane-1,1-diyl)bis(6-bromobenzene-1,3-diol) - 226908 4.1.3.1 4,4'-(oxydimethanediyl)bis(5,6-dibromobenzene-1,2-diol) - 84828 4.1.3.1 4,4'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene-1,2-diol - 84827 4.1.3.1 4,4'-methanediylbis(5,6-dibromobenzene-1,2-diol) - 84829 4.1.3.1 4,4'-methanediylbis(5-bromobenzene-1,2-diol) - 84830 4.1.3.1 4,4'-methylenebis(5,6-dibromobenzene-1,2-diol) - 226909 4.1.3.1 4,5-dichloro-2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)phenyl 5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate - 194156 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194131 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194145 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194132 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194146 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(4,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194128 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(4,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194142 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194126 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194140 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194127 4.1.3.1 4-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194141 4.1.3.1 4-chloromercuribenzoate complete inactivation at 0.001 mM 388 4.1.3.1 4-cyclopropyl-6-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-nitro-2-oxobutyl)piperazin-1-yl]-7-fluoro-5-methoxy-1-oxo-1,4,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid - 226979 4.1.3.1 4-hydroxy-9-deoxoidiadione cytotoxic, linear furanosesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 75650 4.1.3.1 4-[2-hydroxy-2-(5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-3-yl)ethyl]phenol - 227009 4.1.3.1 4-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-oxopentyl]amino]benzoic acid - 227017 4.1.3.1 5,6-dichloro-2-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194159 4.1.3.1 5,6-dichloro-2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194164 4.1.3.1 5-bromo-2-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194160 4.1.3.1 5-bromo-2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194165 4.1.3.1 5-bromo-2-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl N-prop-1-en-2-yl-L-phenylalaninate - 227089 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)phenyl 4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate - 194154 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194163 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-2-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate - 227093 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194437 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194439 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194438 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194440 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(4,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194436 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(4,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194149 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194133 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194147 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide - 194134 4.1.3.1 5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194148 4.1.3.1 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde - 41503 4.1.3.1 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester weak inhibition, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family) 75646 4.1.3.1 5-hydroxyindole-3-carbaldehyde moderate inhibition, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family) 75648 4.1.3.1 5-nitro-N'-[(E)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]furan-2-carbohydrazide - 227103 4.1.3.1 6-bromo-2-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194161 4.1.3.1 6-bromo-2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194166 4.1.3.1 6-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d]oxazole - 194158 4.1.3.1 6-hydroxy-4,9-dihydro-3H-beta-carboline-1-carboxylic acid - 84831 4.1.3.1 7-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[(5-nitro-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidin-4-yl)carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid - 227197 4.1.3.1 ADP 20% inhibition at 2 mM 13 4.1.3.1 ADP activation by ADP 13 4.1.3.1 Ag+ - 75 4.1.3.1 Al3+ - 264 4.1.3.1 ascorbate enzyme is inhibited by an ascorbate plus Fe2+ system under aerobic conditions,16% residual activity at 2 mM ascorbate/0.02 mM Fe2+. Inactivation requires hydrogen peroxide, and can be prevented by catalase, EDTA, Mg2+, isocitrate, 20 mM glutathione, 20 mM dithiothreitol or 40 mM L-cysteine 94 4.1.3.1 ATP 35% inhibition at 2 mM 4 4.1.3.1 Ba2+ - 111 4.1.3.1 Ba2+ no inhibition 111 4.1.3.1 Bahamaolide A - 226015 4.1.3.1 beta-ketoserotonin - 227762 4.1.3.1 bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ether - 85358 4.1.3.1 bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone - 227221 4.1.3.1 bis(2-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ether - 85357 4.1.3.1 bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone - 85359 4.1.3.1 bis(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone - 85360 4.1.3.1 Bromopyruvate - 1917 4.1.3.1 Ca2+ - 15 4.1.3.1 Ca2+ no inhibition 15 4.1.3.1 Cd2+ - 52 4.1.3.1 CdCl2 - 906 4.1.3.1 citrate 22% inhibition at 5 mM 131 4.1.3.1 citrate no inhibition at 0.1 mM 131 4.1.3.1 citrate - 131 4.1.3.1 Cl- - 141 4.1.3.1 CoCl2 - 414 4.1.3.1 Cu2+ isoforms ICL1 and ICL2 are 60-80% inhibited by 5 mM Cu2+ 19 4.1.3.1 CuCl2 - 347 4.1.3.1 cysteine - 153 4.1.3.1 D-fructose-6-phosphate - 4331 4.1.3.1 D-Glucose-6-phosphate - 2838 4.1.3.1 dimethyl (2Z)-2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)but-2-enedioate i.e. synoilide A, purified from the ascidian Synoicum sp. 194124 4.1.3.1 dimethyl (2Z)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)but-2-enedioate i.e. synoilide B, purified from the ascidian Synoicum sp. 194125 4.1.3.1 Dithionitrobenzoate - 6045 4.1.3.1 dithiothreitol - 45 4.1.3.1 DL-penicillamin - 97912 4.1.3.1 DNAzyme - 227763 4.1.3.1 Fe2+ enzyme is inhibited by an ascorbate plus Fe2+ system under aerobic conditions,16% residual activity at 2 mM ascorbate/0.02 mM Fe2+. Inactivation requires hydrogen peroxide, and can be prevented by catalase, EDTA, Mg2+, isocitrate, 20 mM glutathione, 20 mM dithiothreitol or 40 mM L-cysteine 25 4.1.3.1 Fe2+ isoforms ICL1 and ICL2 are 30% inhibited by 5 mM Fe2+ 25 4.1.3.1 FeCl2 - 1235 4.1.3.1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 39% inhibition at 5 mM 6523 4.1.3.1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphate - 6523 4.1.3.1 fumarate no inhibition at 0.1 mM 170 4.1.3.1 fumarate - 170 4.1.3.1 Glucose-1-phosphate - 5970 4.1.3.1 glucose-6-phosphate 44% inhibition at 5 mM 2143 4.1.3.1 glucose-6-phosphate - 2143 4.1.3.1 glutathione - 44 4.1.3.1 glutathione increase of activity 44 4.1.3.1 glycolate 50% inhibition at 5 mM 479 4.1.3.1 glycolate - 479 4.1.3.1 glycolate 20% inhibition at 1 mM 479 4.1.3.1 glyoxylate - 101 4.1.3.1 glyoxylate linear competitive inhibitor 101 4.1.3.1 GSSG ICL can be inactivated by glutathionylation and reactivated by glutaredoxin after reduced dithiothreitol treatment, whereas thioredoxin does not appear to regulate ICL activity 330 4.1.3.1 H2O2 inhibits enzyme activity with increased concentrations, no activity above 1.3 mM 22 4.1.3.1 H2O2 incubation with 0.1 mM H2O2 and 0.5mM GSH for 30 min results in a decrease of protein activity comparable with that obtained in the presence of GSSG. The addition of reduced dithiothreitol provides full reactivation of enzyme activity. Exposure to 1 mM H2O2 for 30 min results in an almost complete inactivation of the enzyme, whereas in the presence of a 10fold lower concentration of H2O2 (0.1 mM), ICL retains 20% of total activity after 30 min of incubation. GSH, reacting with sulfenic acid, can protect the protein from H2O2-mediated irreversible inactivation by glutathionylation 22 4.1.3.1 halisulfate 1 - 36694 4.1.3.1 halisulfate 5 - 138143 4.1.3.1 HgCl2 100% inhibition at 0.01 mM 110 4.1.3.1 HgCl2 30% inhibition at 0.1 mM 110 4.1.3.1 HPO42- - 2843 4.1.3.1 hydrohalisulfate 1 - 138144 4.1.3.1 Hydroxymalonate 50% inhibition at 0.5 mM 4822 4.1.3.1 Hydroxymalonate - 4822 4.1.3.1 hyrtiosin A moderate inhibition, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family) 75647 4.1.3.1 hyrtiosin B strong inhibition, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family) 75649 4.1.3.1 iodoacetamide - 67 4.1.3.1 iodoacetate 70% inhibition at 10 mM 93 4.1.3.1 iodoacetate isocitrate protects 93 4.1.3.1 Itaconate 89% inhibition at 1 mM 1978 4.1.3.1 Itaconate - 1978 4.1.3.1 Itaconate uncompetitive with respect to isocitrate 1978 4.1.3.1 Itaconate a succinate analogue lacking an acidic alpha-proton, the inhhibitor does not display slow-binding behavior 1978 4.1.3.1 Itaconic acid potent competitive inhibitor of ICL, 1 mg/ml reduces the activity to 42% of the uninhibited control. Inhibition of ICL enzymatic activity during chronic infection of rats forces the infection into an acute phase 15803 4.1.3.1 Itaconic acid - 15803 4.1.3.1 Itaconic acid itaconic acid specifically inhibits growth of wild-type cells on acetate and propionate, but not dextrose, in an ICL-dependent manner, and elicited metabolomic changes similar to those observed with ICL-deficient cells. Enzyme ICL inhibition by itaconic acid results in a specific decrease in intrabacterial pH from pH 7.3 to pH 6.4 in propionate-grown cells, not in acetate-grown cells 15803 4.1.3.1 itaconic anhydride - 17283 4.1.3.1 KCl - 79 4.1.3.1 KCl strong activation by KCl 79 4.1.3.1 KCl at pH-values above 8.6 inhibition, below pH 8.6 activation by KCl 79 4.1.3.1 KCN - 161 4.1.3.1 Li+ - 152 4.1.3.1 malate no inhibition at 0.1 mM 283 4.1.3.1 malate - 283 4.1.3.1 malate Icl enzyme, 50% inhibition at 5 mM 283 4.1.3.1 malate competitive mode 283 4.1.3.1 Maleate 66% inhibition at 0.5 mM 575 4.1.3.1 Maleate - 575 4.1.3.1 Maleate condensation reaction 575 4.1.3.1 malonate - 392 4.1.3.1 malonate condensation reaction 392 4.1.3.1 methyl (1R,4bS,10aR,12aS)-10a-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-1-formyl-4b,7,7,12a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12,12a-hexadecahydrochrysene-2-carboxylate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 73540 4.1.3.1 methyl (1S,4bS,10aR,12aS)-10a-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-1-formyl-4b,7,7,12a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12,12a-hexadecahydrochrysene-2-carboxylate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 73541 4.1.3.1 methyl 2-[bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate i.e. cadiolide I, purified from the ascidian Synoicum sp. 194123 4.1.3.1 methyl 2-[bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate - 194123 4.1.3.1 methylenesuccinate 87% inhibition at 0.03 mM 6555 4.1.3.1 methylenesuccinate - 6555 4.1.3.1 methylenesuccinate condensation reaction 6555 4.1.3.1 methylmalonate 50% inhibition at 15 mM 2208 4.1.3.1 Mg2+ isoform ICL2 is 20% inhibited by 5 mM Mg2+ 6 4.1.3.1 Mn2+ - 11 4.1.3.1 Mn2+ inhibition in presence of Mg2+, activation in absence of Mg2+ 11 4.1.3.1 Mn2+ isoform ICL1 is 40% inhibited by 5 mM Mn2+ 11 4.1.3.1 additional information not inhibited by bromopyruvate 2 4.1.3.1 additional information 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1-oxo-beta-carboline, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family), defined inactive as inhibitor since IC50 is higher than 0.989 mM at a concentration of 2 mg/ml 2 4.1.3.1 additional information some 2-[3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1-phthalazinyl]acetic acid hydrazones show 45-61% inhibition at 10 mM 2 4.1.3.1 additional information natural glyoxylate cycle inhibitors such 5-hydroxyindole-type alkaloids are potent inhibitors 2 4.1.3.1 additional information extracts of Illicium verum and Zingiber officinale inhibit ICL 2 4.1.3.1 additional information halisulfates from the tropical sponge Hippospongia sp. are able to inhibit ICL activity, appressorium formation and C2 utilization 2 4.1.3.1 additional information degradation of the aceA mRNA, encoding the enzyme, by RNase E/G, that cleaves the aceA mRNA at a single-stranded AU-rich region in the 3' untranslated region. The level of aceA mRNA is approximately 3fold higher in the rneG knockout mutant strain compared to the wild-type strain 2 4.1.3.1 additional information cadiolide and synoilide ICL inhibitors (5Z)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one, (5Z)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(S)-(3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]furan-2(5H)-one, (5Z)-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(S)-(3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]-5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one, methyl 2-[bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate, dimethyl (2Z)-2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)but-2-enedioate and dimethyl (2Z)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)but-2-enedioate have no inhibitory effects on Candida albicans strain SC5314 grown in glucose, but are inhibitory to strain SC5314 grown in acetate 2 4.1.3.1 additional information design, synthesis, and in vitro antimycobacterial activities against human hepatic cells of a series of 2-methoxy-2'-hydroxybenzanilide derivatives and their thioxo analogues, overview 2 4.1.3.1 additional information design, synthesis, inhibitory potencies against the enzyme, and in vitro antimycobacterial activities against human hepatic cells of a series of 2-methoxy-2'-hydroxybenzanilide derivatives and their thioxo analogues, overview 2 4.1.3.1 additional information reversible loss of activity in isocitrate lyase from Haloferax volcanii when the enzyme is out of extract without a thiol, such as dithiothreitol 2 4.1.3.1 N'1-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylene]-2-[3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-phthalazinyl]ethanohydrazide is the most active compound 155909 4.1.3.1 N-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide - 194129 4.1.3.1 N-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-chloro-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194143 4.1.3.1 N-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide - 194136 4.1.3.1 N-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194150 4.1.3.1 N-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-3-nitropropanamide - 85354 4.1.3.1 N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-nitropropanamide - 85353 4.1.3.1 N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-nitropropanamide - 85352 4.1.3.1 N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide - 194130 4.1.3.1 N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-chloro-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194144 4.1.3.1 N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide - 194137 4.1.3.1 N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzothioamide - 194151 4.1.3.1 N-ethylmaleimide - 49 4.1.3.1 N-ethylmaleimide 40% inhibition at 1 mM 49 4.1.3.1 NaCl - 42 4.1.3.1 NaCl activation by NaCl 42 4.1.3.1 NO3- - 673 4.1.3.1 oxalacetate 50% inhibition at 5 mM 2575 4.1.3.1 oxalacetate - 2575 4.1.3.1 oxalate - 185 4.1.3.1 oxalate 71% inhibition at 0.5 mM 185 4.1.3.1 oxalate 77% inhibition at 1 mM 185 4.1.3.1 oxalate 86% inhibition at 10 mM 185 4.1.3.1 oxalate Icl enzyme, 50% inhibition at 5 mM 185 4.1.3.1 oxaloacetate 89% inhibition at 10 mM 57 4.1.3.1 p-chloromercuribenzoate reversible by cysteine 43 4.1.3.1 p-chloromercuribenzoate - 43 4.1.3.1 p-chloromercuribenzoate 100% inhibition at 0.02 mM, reversible by 2-mercaptoethanol 43 4.1.3.1 p-chloromercuribenzoate 70% inhibition at 0.1 mM 43 4.1.3.1 p-hydroxymercuribenzoate complete inhibition at 0.016 mM 98 4.1.3.1 PbCl2 - 2866 4.1.3.1 phosphate - 16 4.1.3.1 phosphate nonlinear competitive inhibitor, inhibition model 16 4.1.3.1 phosphoenolpyruvate - 51 4.1.3.1 phosphoenolpyruvate 53% inhibition at 1 mM 51 4.1.3.1 phosphoenolpyruvate uncompetitive inhibitor 51 4.1.3.1 phosphoenolpyruvate 90% inhibition at 2 mM 51 4.1.3.1 pyruvate 58% inhibition at 5 mM 31 4.1.3.1 pyruvate - 31 4.1.3.1 pyruvate 87% inhibition at 10 mM 31 4.1.3.1 serotonin moderate inhibition, isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios sp. (Thorectidae family) 437 4.1.3.1 SO42- - 245 4.1.3.1 sodium (2S)-5-furan-3-yl-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[(1S,2R,4aR,8aR)-2-methyl-5-methylidenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]pentyl sulfate - 66799 4.1.3.1 sodium 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (2R)-3-[[10-(2-hexylcyclopropyl)decanoyl]oxy]-2-hydroxypropyl phosphate - 227476 4.1.3.1 Sr2+ - 338 4.1.3.1 Sr2+ no inhibition 338 4.1.3.1 succinate - 58 4.1.3.1 succinate 21% inhibition at 5 mM 58 4.1.3.1 succinate 7% inhibition at 0.5 mM 58 4.1.3.1 succinate 38% inhibition at 1 mM 58 4.1.3.1 succinate AceA enzyme, 50% inhibition at 5 mM 58 4.1.3.1 succinate competitive mode 58 4.1.3.1 succinate 33% inhibition at 10 mM 58 4.1.3.1 succinate 90% inhibition at 5 mM 58 4.1.3.1 sulfhydryl compounds - 1771 4.1.3.1 sulfhydryl compounds increase of activity 1771 4.1.3.1 Tartrate 33% inhibition at 0.5 mM 762 4.1.3.1 Tartrate - 762 4.1.3.1 threo-DL-homoisocitrate - 98267 4.1.3.1 Urea partial inactivation 116 4.1.3.1 XHD-1 extract of Illicium verum 66800 4.1.3.1 XHD-2 extract of Zingiber officinale 66801 4.1.3.1 Zn2+ - 14 4.1.3.1 Zn2+ isoforms ICL1 and ICL2 are 60-80% inhibited by 5 mM Zn2+ 14 4.1.3.1 ZnCl2 - 271 4.1.3.1 [(5bS,11aR,13aS)-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-11a(4H)-yl]methanol scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 73827 4.1.3.1 [(5bS,11aR,13aS)-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-11a(4H)-yl]methyl acetate scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 73828 4.1.3.1 [(5bS,11aR,13aS,13bR)-1-methoxy-5b,8,8,13a-tetramethyl-1,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrochryseno[1,2-c]furan-11a(3H)-yl]methanol scarlarane sesterterpene, isolated from Smenospongia sp. 73829