1.14.16.4 14-3-3 protein activates the phosphorylated TPH2 684993 1.14.16.4 2-mercaptoethanol 30 mM, 79.3% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723 1.14.16.4 2-mercaptoethanol essential for activation 438657 1.14.16.4 2-mercaptoethylamine 30 mM, 93.8% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723 1.14.16.4 2-mercaptopropionate 30 mM, 11.7% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723 1.14.16.4 3-Mercaptopropionate 30 mM, 22% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723 1.14.16.4 CaCl2 1 mM, 7% activation 438671 1.14.16.4 dithiothreitol - 438657 1.14.16.4 dithiothreitol 10 mM 671723 1.14.16.4 dithiothreitol or other sulfhydryl reagents like 2-mercaptoethanol and L-cysteine are essential for activation, 5fold increase in activity 438658, 438661 1.14.16.4 DTT - 675511, 684993, 688501, 688765, 688946, 689869 1.14.16.4 Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 - 688946 1.14.16.4 glutathione 30 mM, 16.1% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723 1.14.16.4 L-cysteine - 438658 1.14.16.4 L-cysteine 30 mM, 79.5% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723 1.14.16.4 additional information Acanthopanax senticosus, as aqueous extracts from fresh stem braks, increases the time to exhaustion by treadmill running and it suppressed the exercise-induced increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and TPH expression. Acanthopanax senticosus is effective as caffeine for increasing the exhaustion time in treadmill running and for reducing the exercise-induced increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe, overview 688062 1.14.16.4 additional information administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine to rats induces TPH1, but affects serotonin biosynthesis and TPH enzyme activity in dorsal raphe nuclei, and it decreases SERT binding sites in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and cingulate cortex demonstrating a loss of 5-hydroxytryptamine terminals, overview 689232 1.14.16.4 additional information citalopram raises basal extracellular serotonin levels in DBA/2J, DBA/2N and BALB/c mice carrying the 1473G allele, but not in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice carrying the 1473C allele, overview 688503 1.14.16.4 additional information enzyme expression and activity are increased in hypoxic rats, the effect is partially reversed by 4-chlorophenylalanine and is reduced in TPH1-deficient rats, overview 684359 1.14.16.4 additional information fluoxetine treatment for 4 and 8 weeks significantly increases basal TPH2 mRNA levels in the midbrain, correlated with the appearance of antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test, co-induction of TPH2 and the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter expression, overview 689230 1.14.16.4 additional information in differentiated RN46A cells, the TPH2 promoter is induced 2.5fold by ionomycin, similar to its action on TPH2 RNA. By contrast, ionomycin has no effect onTPH2 promoter activity in GH4C1 cells or TPH2-negative L6 myoblasts, overview 688507 1.14.16.4 additional information phosphorylation at Ser19 by protein kinase A or Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II activates TPH2 by about 30%, high-affinity binding of purified PKA-phosphorylated TPH2 bound to the 14-3-3 proteins gamma , epsilon and BMH1 causes further increased enzyme activity, overview 684993 1.14.16.4 additional information phosphorylation of TPH2 at Ser19 within the regulatory domain of the enzyme by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activates the enzyme 688504 1.14.16.4 additional information pronase is most effective for activation. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, V8 protease and lysylendoprotease also activate PTMO, but the activity obtained using these proteases is only 5% of that with pronase 704354 1.14.16.4 additional information senescence-accelerated prone mouse 6 show increased serotonin levels, probably due to phosphorylation at Ser58, overview 684813 1.14.16.4 additional information the calcium influx through L-type high voltage-activated calcium channels is essential for the full activation of tryptophan hydroxylase leading to melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland 688765 1.14.16.4 additional information TPH2 is upregulated by dominant-negative RE-1 silencer of transcription, minimum of 4.4fold relative to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, overview 687604 1.14.16.4 N-acetylcysteine 30 mM, 31.2% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol 671723