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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hanschmann, H.; Kleber, H.P.
    Purification and characterization of D(+)-carnitine dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium sp. - a new enzyme of carnitine metabolism (1997), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1337, 133-142.
    View publication on PubMed

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.254 Carnitine amide competitive inhibitor of (S)-carnitine oxidation Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide D-carnitine dehydrogenase, higher than 5 mM, 10% of initial activity Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 choline competitive inhibitor of (S)-carnitine oxidation; D-carnitine dehydrogenase, competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 crotonobetaine competitive inhibitor of (S)-carnitine oxidation; D-carnitine dehydrogenase, competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 Cu2+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 1 mM, 25-70% inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate D-carnitine dehydrogenase, competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 DL-carnitine amide D-carnitine dehydrogenase, competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 EDTA D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 20 mM, 25-70% inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 Fe2+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 1 mM, 25-70% inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 gamma-butyrobetaine competitive inhibitor of (S)-carnitine oxidation; D-carnitine dehydrogenase, competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 glycine betaine competitive inhibitor of (S)-carnitine oxidation; D-carnitine dehydrogenase, competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide above 5 mM, 90% loss of activity Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 Hg2+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 0.01 mM, complete inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 L(-)-carnitine competitive inhibitor of (S)-carnitine oxidation Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 L-carnitine D-carnitine dehydrogenase, strong competitive inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 p-chloromercuribenzoate D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 0.01 mM, complete inhibition Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 SDS above 5 mM, 90% loss of activity; D-carnitine dehydrogenase, higher than 5 mM, 10% of initial activity Agrobacterium sp.

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.254 0.047
-
 NADH
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 0.047
-
 NADH D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 0.15
-
 NAD+
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 0.15
-
 NAD+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 1.2
-
 3-dehydrocarnitine
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 1.2
-
 3-dehydrocarnitine D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 5.5
-
 (S)-carnitine
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 5.5
-
 D-carnitine D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.254 Co2+ 1 mM, increases activity up to 31% Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 Co2+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 5 mM, 31% increase in activity Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 Ni2+ 5 mM, increases activity up to 31% Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 Ni2+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase, 5 mM, 31% increase in activity Agrobacterium sp.

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 28000
-
 3 * 28000, SDS-PAGE, laser-induced mass spectrometry Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 28000
-
 3 * 28000, D-carnitine dehydrogenase, SDS-PAGE Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 88000
-
 gel filtration Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 88000
-
 gel filtration, D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.254 (R)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NAD+ Agrobacterium sp.
-
 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.254 additional information Agrobacterium sp. initial step of D(+)-carnitine degradation ?
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.254 Agrobacterium sp.
-
-
-
1.1.1.254 Agrobacterium sp.
-
 DSM 8888, D-carnitine- and L-carnitine dehydrogenases are induced by D-carnitine and L-carnitine respectively
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.254
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 DEAE-Sepharose FF, TSK Butyl, Phenyl-Sepharose, Superose 12 HR, D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 14.15
-
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 14.15
-
 D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.254 (R)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NAD+
-
 Agrobacterium sp. 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.254 (S)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NAD+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp. 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.254 (S)-carnitine + NAD+ r Agrobacterium sp. 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH + H+
-
 ?
1.1.1.254 carnitine + NAD+
-
 Agrobacterium sp. 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.254 DL-4-amino-3-hydroxy-n-butyrate + NAD+ D-carnitine dehydrogenase, less than 20% velocity compared to D-carnitine Agrobacterium sp. DL-4-amino-3-keto-n-butyrate + NADH
-
 ?
1.1.1.254 additional information initial step of D(+)-carnitine degradation Agrobacterium sp. ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 trimer 3 * 28000, SDS-PAGE, laser-induced mass spectrometry Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 trimer 3 * 28000, D-carnitine dehydrogenase, SDS-PAGE Agrobacterium sp.

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 37
-
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 37
-
 D-carnitine dehydrogenase Agrobacterium sp.

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 40
-
 rapid decrease of stability above Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 40
-
 D-carnitine dehydrogenase, enzyme activity decrases rapidly above 40°C Agrobacterium sp.

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 5.5 6.5 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 5.5 6.5 D-carnitine dehydrogenase, reduction of D-carnitine Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 9 9.5 (S)-carnitine + NAD+ Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 9 9.5 D-carnitine dehydrogenase, oxidation of D-carnitine Agrobacterium sp.

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.254 6 8 D-carnitine dehydrogenase, stable for 100 h at 4°C Agrobacterium sp.

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.254 NAD+
-
 Agrobacterium sp.
1.1.1.254 NAD+ specific for NAD+ Agrobacterium sp.