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Literature summary extracted from
- Isolation and characterization of a salt stress-responsive betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in Lycium ruthenicum Murr (2018), Physiol. Plant., 163, 73-87 .
Application
| EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | biotechnology | overexpression of AMADHs with high BADH activities is an important strategy to genetically engineer Solanaceae crop plants, such as tomato and tobacco, to produe glycine betaine | Lycium ruthenicum |
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | gene AMADH1, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | gene AMADH1, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | gene AMADH2, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis | Lycium ruthenicum |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics, except for LrAMADH1 on 4-aminobutyraldehyde | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.8 | 0.665 | - |
Betaine aldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum |  |
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics, except for LrAMADH1 on 4-aminobutyraldehyde | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 0.00394 | - |
4-Aminobutyraldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 0.0148 | - |
3-aminopropionaldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 0.0259 | - |
3-aminopropionaldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 0.0312 | - |
4-Aminobutyraldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.19 | peroxisome | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | 5777 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O | Lycium ruthenicum | - |
betaine + NADH + 2 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O | Lycium ruthenicum | - |
3-aminopropanoate + NADH + 2 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O | Lycium ruthenicum | - |
4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | Lycium ruthenicum | A0A1P8VFW6 | from Turpan Desert Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China | - |
| 1.2.1.8 | no activity in Lycium ruthenicum | - |
UniProt ID A0A1P8VFW6 | - |
| 1.2.1.19 | Lycium ruthenicum | A0A1P8VFW6 | from Turpan Desert Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China | - |
| 1.2.1.19 | Lycium ruthenicum | A0A1P8VFW8 | from Turpan Desert Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | recombinant His-tagged isozyme AMADH1 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | recombinant His-tagged isozyme AMADH1 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | recombinant His-tagged isozyme AMADH2 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography | Lycium ruthenicum |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | fruit | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | - |
| 1.2.1.8 | additional information | tissue specific enzyme expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR | Lycium ruthenicum | - |
| 1.2.1.8 | seedling | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | - |
| 1.2.1.19 | fruit | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | - |
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | tissue specific enzyme expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR | Lycium ruthenicum | - |
| 1.2.1.19 | seedling | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | betaine + NADH + 2 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.8 | additional information | the enzyme is also active with 4-aminobutyraldehyde and 3-aminopropionaldehyde, EC 1.2.1.19 | Lycium ruthenicum | ? | - |
- |
|
| 1.2.1.19 | 3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | 3-aminopropanoate + NADH + 2 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | no activity with betaine aldehyde | Lycium ruthenicum | ? | - |
- |
|
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | the enzyme is also active with betaine aldehyde, EC 1.2.1.8 | Lycium ruthenicum | ? | - |
- |
|
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | AMADH | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | AMADH1 | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | BADH | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | More | see also EC 1.2.1.19 | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | AMADH | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | AMADH1 | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | AMADH2 | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | BADH | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase | - |
Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | More | see also EC 1.2.1.8 | Lycium ruthenicum |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | 30 | - |
assay at | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | 30 | - |
assay at | Lycium ruthenicum |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| EC Number | Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | 0.004 | - |
Betaine aldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 1 | - |
3-aminopropionaldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 1.13 | - |
4-Aminobutyraldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 1.32 | - |
4-Aminobutyraldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 2.38 | - |
3-aminopropionaldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | 8 | - |
assay at | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | 8 | - |
assay at | Lycium ruthenicum |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | NAD+ | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | NAD+ | - |
Lycium ruthenicum | |
Expression
| EC Number | Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | Lycium ruthenicum | in NaCl treated seedlings, accompanied by elevated GB accumulation, expression of LrAMADH1 is upregulated, indicating response of LrAMADH1 to salt stress in Lycium ruthenicum | up |
| 1.2.1.19 | Lycium ruthenicum | in NaCl treated seedlings, accompanied by elevated GB accumulation, expression of LrAMADH1 is upregulated, indicating response of LrAMADH1 to salt stress in Lycium ruthenicum | up |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | metabolism | in higher plants, glycine betaine (GB) is synthesized by two-step oxidation of choline. The first step is catalyzed by ferredoxin-dependent choline monooxygenase (CMO, EC 1.14.15.7) to produce betaine aldehyde (BAL). BAL is converted to GB by aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH, EC 1.2.1.19) containing the activities of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | additional information | for Ile445 containing AMADHs, the existence of Asn290 rather than Thr290 leads to detectable BADH activity | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.8 | physiological function | isozyme LrAMADH1 shows low betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, but is proved as bona fide BADH, which involves in glycine betaine (GB) synthesis in planta and responds to salt stress in Lycium ruthenicum plants | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | metabolism | enzyme LrAMADH2 is not involved in glycine betaine biosynthesis | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | metabolism | in higher plants, glycine betaine (GB) is synthesized by two-step oxidation of choline. The first step is catalyzed by ferredoxin-dependent choline monooxygenase (CMO, EC 1.14.15.7) to produce betaine aldehyde (BAL). BAL is converted to GB by aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH, EC 1.2.1.19) containing the activities of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | AMADH2 lacks Ile445, that is contained in all enzymes with BADH activity (EC 1.2.1.8) | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | additional information | for Ile445 containing AMADHs, the existence of Asn290 rather than Thr290 leads to detectable BADH activity | Lycium ruthenicum |
| 1.2.1.19 | physiological function | isozyme LrAMADH1 shows low betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, but is proved as bona fide BADH, which involves in glycine betaine (GB) synthesis in planta and responds to salt stress in Lycium ruthenicum plants | Lycium ruthenicum |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| EC Number | kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2.1.8 | 0.006 | - |
Betaine aldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 42.3 | - |
4-Aminobutyraldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 67.6 | - |
3-aminopropionaldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 91.89 | - |
3-aminopropionaldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
| 1.2.1.19 | 286.8 | - |
4-Aminobutyraldehyde | pH 8.0, 30°C, recombinant isozyme LrAMADH1 | Lycium ruthenicum | |
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