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Literature summary extracted from

  • Sukpipat, W.; Komeda, H.; Prasertsan, P.; Asano, Y.
    Purification and characterization of xylitol dehydrogenase with L-arabitol dehydrogenase activity from the newly isolated pentose-fermenting yeast Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 (2017), J. Biosci. Bioeng., 123, 20-27 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.9 gene xyl2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of N-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 gene xyl2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of N-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Meyerozyma caribbica

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.9 diphenylhydantoine moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 DTT slight inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 EDTA strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 EGTA moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 furfural moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 iodoacetamide moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 iodoacetic acid strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 o-phenanthroline strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 potassium ferricyanide K4[Fe(CN)6], moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 Sodium fluoride moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 Tiron strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 diphenylhydantoine moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 DTT slight inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 EDTA strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 EGTA moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 furfural moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 iodoacetamide moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 iodoacetic acid strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 o-phenanthroline strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 potassium ferricyanide K4[Fe(CN)6], moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 Sodium fluoride moderate inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 Tiron strong inhibition Meyerozyma caribbica

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.9 0.1
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 0.11
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 7.28
-
 NADP+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 15.8
-
 ribitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 16
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 16.1
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 21.2
-
 D-sorbitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 31.1
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 132
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.1
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.11
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 7.28
-
 NADP+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 15.8
-
 ribitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 16
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 16.1
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 21.2
-
 D-sorbitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 31.1
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 132
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.9 Cu2+ activates Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 Fe2+ activates Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 additional information after incubation with ZnSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl2, and CuCl2, 40, 37, 30, and 25%, respectively, of the activity of the metal-free enzyme is restored. Poorer effects by Fe3+, Cd2+, and Ca2+, while Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ do not exert restorative effects Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 Zn2+ required, the zinc ADH signature and conserved coenzyme binding motif are observed in the amino acid sequence of McXDH at positions 65-76 and 183-188 and are completely conserved among McXDH and XDHs from other yeasts and filamentous fungi Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 Cu2+ activates Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 Fe2+ activates Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 additional information after incubation with ZnSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl2, and CuCl2, 40, 37, 30, and 25%, respectively, of the activity of the metal-free enzyme is restored. Poorer effects by Fe3+, Cd2+, and Ca2+, while Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ do not exert restorative effects Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 Zn2+ required, the zinc ADH signature and conserved coenzyme binding motif are observed in the amino acid sequence of McXDH at positions 65-76 and 183-188 and are completely conserved among McXDH and XDHs from other yeasts and filamentous fungi Meyerozyma caribbica

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 195000
-
 gel filtration Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 195000
-
 gel filtration Meyerozyma caribbica

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NAD+ Meyerozyma caribbica
-
 D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NAD+ Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2
-
 D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 xylitol + NAD+ Meyerozyma caribbica
-
 D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.9 Meyerozyma caribbica A0A1B4XTS0 isolated from an alcohol fermentation starter in Thailand
-
1.1.1.9 Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 A0A1B4XTS0 isolated from an alcohol fermentation starter in Thailand
-
1.1.1.12 Meyerozyma caribbica A0A1B4XTS0 isolated from an alcohol fermentation starter in Thailand
-
1.1.1.12 Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 A0A1B4XTS0 isolated from an alcohol fermentation starter in Thailand
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.9 native enzyme by dialysis, anion exchange chromatography, ammoniuim sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, again dialysis and another different step off anion exchange chromatography, dialysis, and gel filtration, followed by repeating the last anion exchange chromatographic step. Recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 native enzyme by dialysis, anion exchange chromatography, ammoniuim sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, again dialysis and another different step off anion exchange chromatography, dialysis, and gel filtration, followed by repeating the last anion exchange chromatographic step. Recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography Meyerozyma caribbica

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 0.4
-
 about, purified recombinant enzyme, substrates L-arabitol and NAD+, pH 7.0, 30°C Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 2
-
 purified recombinant enzyme, substrates xylitol and NAD+, pH 7.0, 30°C Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 4.9
-
 purified native enzyme, substrates L-arabitol and NAD+, pH 7.0, 30°C Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.4
-
 about, purified recombinant enzyme, substrates L-arabitol and NAD+, pH 7.0, 30°C Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 2
-
 purified recombinant enzyme, substrates xylitol and NAD+, pH 7.0, 30°C Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 4.9
-
 purified native enzyme, substrates L-arabitol and NAD+, pH 7.0, 30°C Meyerozyma caribbica

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.9 D-sorbitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 D-sorbitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 L-arabitol + NAD+ about 20% activity compared to xylitol, reaction of EC 1.1.1.12 Meyerozyma caribbica L-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 L-arabitol + NAD+ about 20% activity compared to xylitol, reaction of EC 1.1.1.12 Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 L-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 additional information the enzyme has L-arabitol dehydrogenase (LAD, EC 1.1.1.12) activity and also exhibits broad specificity to polyols, such as xylitol, D-sorbitol, ribitol, and L-arabitol. Xylitol is the preferred substrate Meyerozyma caribbica ?
-
-
1.1.1.9 additional information the enzyme has L-arabitol dehydrogenase (LAD, EC 1.1.1.12) activity and also exhibits broad specificity to polyols, such as xylitol, D-sorbitol, ribitol, and L-arabitol. Xylitol is the preferred substrate Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 ?
-
-
1.1.1.9 ribitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica D-ribulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NAD+ preferred substrates Meyerozyma caribbica D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NAD+ preferred substrates Meyerozyma caribbica 5XY2 D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.9 xylitol + NADP+ very low activity with NADP+ Meyerozyma caribbica D-xylulose + NADPH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 D-sorbitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica D-fructose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 L-arabitol + NAD+ about 20% activity compared to xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica L-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 additional information the enzyme has L-arabitol dehydrogenase (LAD) activity and also exhibits broad specificity to polyols, such as xylitol, D-sorbitol, and ribitol. Xylitol is the preferred substrate (EC 1.1.1.9) Meyerozyma caribbica ?
-
-
1.1.1.12 ribitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica D-ribulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 xylitol + NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 xylitol + NAD+ preferred substrates, reaction of EC 1.1.1.9 Meyerozyma caribbica D-xylulose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.12 xylitol + NADP+ very low activity with NADP+ Meyerozyma caribbica D-xylulose + NADPH + H+
-
 r

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 homopentamer 5 * 39000, SDS-PAGE Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 homopentamer 5 * 39000, SDS-PAGE Meyerozyma caribbica

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 McXDH
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 More see also EC 1.1.1.12 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 XDH
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 XYL2
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 xylitol dehydrogenase
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 L-arabitol dehydrogenase
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 LAD
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 More see also EC 1.1.1.9 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 XYL2
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 40
-
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 40
-
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 45 60 the enzyme partially loses its activity at 45-55°C and completely loses activity at temperatures greater than 60°C. McXDH exhibits activities of approximately 81% and 51% at 30°C and 35°C after 30 min incubation Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 45 60 the enzyme partially loses its activity at 45-55°C and completely loses activity at temperatures greater than 60°C. McXDH exhibits activities of approximately 81% and 51% at 30°C and 35°C after 30 min incubation Meyerozyma caribbica

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.9 3.27
-
 NADP+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 3.35
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 4.48
-
 ribitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 8.28
-
 D-sorbitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 18
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 18.5
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 3.27
-
 NADP+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 3.35
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 4.48
-
 ribitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 8.28
-
 D-sorbitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 18
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 18.5
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 9.5
-
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 9.5
-
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.9 NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 NADH
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 NADP+ poor activity Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 NAD+
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 NADH
-
 Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 NADP+ poor activity Meyerozyma caribbica

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.1.1.9 evolution the enzyme belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily and polyol dehydrogenase (PDH) subfamily. The enzyme contains the typical NAD+-binding motif GxGxxG of MDR family enzymes Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 physiological function the organism catabolizes L-arabinose as well as D-glucose and D-xylose. The highest production amounts of ethanol from D-glucose, xylitol from D-xylose, and L-arabitol from L-arabinose were 0.45 g/g D-glucose, 0.60 g/g D-xylose, and 0.61 g/g L-arabinose with 21.7 g/l ethanol, 20.2 g/l xylitol, and 30.3 g/l L-arabitol, respectively. The enzyme has L-arabitol dehydrogenase (LAD) activity and also exhibits broad specificity to polyols, such as xylitol, D-sorbitol, ribitol, and L-arabitol. Xylitol is the preferred substrate Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 evolution the enzyme belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily and polyol dehydrogenase (PDH) subfamily. The enzyme contains the typical NAD+-binding motif GxGxxG of MDR family enzymes Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 physiological function the organism catabolizes L-arabinose as well as D-glucose and D-xylose. The highest production amounts of ethanol from D-glucose, xylitol from D-xylose, and L-arabitol from L-arabinose were 0.45 g/g D-glucose, 0.60 g/g D-xylose, and 0.61 g/g L-arabinose with 21.7 g/l ethanol, 20.2 g/l xylitol, and 30.3 g/l L-arabitol, respectively. The enzyme has L-arabitol dehydrogenase (LAD) activity and also exhibits broad specificity to polyols, such as xylitol, D-sorbitol, ribitol, and L-arabitol. Xylitol is the preferred substrate Meyerozyma caribbica

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.9 0.11
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 0.28
-
 ribitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 0.39
-
 D-sorbitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 0.45
-
 NADP+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 1.12
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.9 168.18
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.11
-
 L-arabitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.28
-
 ribitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.39
-
 D-sorbitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 0.45
-
 NADP+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 1.12
-
 xylitol pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme Meyerozyma caribbica
1.1.1.12 168.18
-
 NAD+ pH 7.0, 30°C, native enzyme, with xylitol Meyerozyma caribbica