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Literature summary extracted from

  • Habashi, R.; Hacham, Y.; Dhakarey, R.; Matityahu, I.; Holland, D.; Tian, L.; Amir, R.
    Elucidating the role of shikimate dehydrogenase in controlling the production of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins in the outer peels of pomegranate (2019), BMC Plant Biol., 19, 476 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.1.1.25 food industry the biosynthesis of anthocyanins (ATs) and hydrolysable tannins (HTs) competes for the same substrate, 3-DHS, and SDH activity is regulated not only by the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, but also by the expression of the pomegranate shikimate dehydrogenases, PgSDHs. Since the outer peel affects the customer's decision regarding fruit consumption, such knowledge can be utilized for the development of genetic markers for breeding pomegranates having higher levels of both ATs and HTs Punica granatum

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.25 genes encoding PgSDH1, PgSDH3-1,2, PgSDH3a-1,2, and PgSDH4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, genes PgSDH3 and PgSDH3a occur in tandem Punica granatum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.25 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+ Punica granatum
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 shikimate + NADP+
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 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.25 Punica granatum A0A6P8EJ47 six PgSDH isozymes (PgSDH1, PgSDH3-1/2, PgSDH3a-1/2, and PgSDH4) are identified in pomegranate, 33 pomegranate accessions, including accession UG28, collected from the Havat Hamataim, Israel
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Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.25 callus
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 Punica granatum
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1.1.1.25 exocarp peel-tissue culture Punica granatum
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.25 3-dehydroshikimate + NADP+
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 Punica granatum gallate + NADPH + H+
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 r
1.1.1.25 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+
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 Punica granatum shikimate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.25 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+
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 Punica granatum shikimate + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.25 additional information analyzing the catalytic activity of SDH, the enzyme produce shikimate from 3-dehydroshikimate (3-DHS) in the presence of NADPH as a cofactor, whereas it forms gallic acid in the presence of NADP+ Punica granatum ?
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Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.25 PgSDH
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 Punica granatum
1.1.1.25 SDH
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 Punica granatum

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.25 NADP+
-
 Punica granatum
1.1.1.25 NADPH
-
 Punica granatum

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.1.1.25 Punica granatum the expression of PgSDH1, which presumably contributes to shikimate biosynthesis, was relatively constant at different sucrose concentrations. The transcript levels of PgSDH3s and PgSDH4 increased with the accumulation of gallic acid and HTs under osmotic stress, which apparently accumulates to protect the cells from the stress additional information

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.1.1.25 metabolism the outer peels of Punica granatum fruits possess two groups of polyphenols: anthocyanins (ATs) and hydrolysable tannins (HTs). Their biosynthesis intersects at 3-dehydroshikimate (3-DHS) in the shikimate pathway by the activity of shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH), which converts 3-DHS to shikimate (providing the precursor for AT biosynthesis) or to gallic acid (the precursor for HTs biosynthesis) using NADPH or NADP+ as a cofactor. The outer fruit peel is subjected to light/dark treatment and osmotic stresses (imposed by different sucrose concentrations) showing that light with high sucrose promotes the synthesis of ATs, while dark at the same sucrose concentration promotes the synthesis of HTs. Role of PgSDH in the branch point leading to gallic acid and shikimate, detailed overview. The activity of isozymes PgSDH3, PgSDH3a and PgSDH4 may lead to the synthesis of phenols required for protecting the cells from osmotic stress. Since PgSDH3.2 has a plastid transit peptide, it may mainly use the NADP+ that accumulates in the dark in plastids, while PgSDH3.1, PgSDH3a and PgSDH4 use this cofactor that mainly accumulates during stress Punica granatum
1.1.1.25 physiological function role of shikimate dehydrogenase in controlling the production of anthocyanins (ATs) and hydrolysable tannins (HTs) in the outer peels of pomegranate, Punica granatum. The biosynthesis of HTs and ATs competes for the same substrate, 3-DHS, and that SDH activity is regulated not only by the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, but also by the expression of the PgSDHs Punica granatum