EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.64 | synthesis | in mammals, uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) are common building blocks of glycans and glycoconjugates. The commercial demand for these high-energy donors is increasing. To produce valuable UDP-GlcA in a cost-effective way, UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase from Arabidopsis thaliana is constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris and secreted into the extracellular medium. The synthesis of 4.2 g UDP-GlcA or 5.5 g UDP-Glc per liter of culture is revealed in the culture medium, without any need for purification. An anion exchange chromatography purification method for UDP-sugars is also developed. This route opens a door to large-scale production of the cheaper UDP-GlcA | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | expressed in Pichia pastoris strain SMD1168H | Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris | Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | gene USP, functional UDP-sugar diphosphorylase from Arabidopsis thaliana is constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris strain SMD1168H and secreted into the extracellular medium using the secretion signal from Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor prepro-peptide | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.64 | additional information | functional UDP-sugar diphosphorylase from Arabidopsis thaliana, constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris and secreted into the extracellular medium, is used for synthesis of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate, purification of the UDP-sugar from medium by anion exchange chromatography. Purification and assay methods optimization, overview. The fermentation of Pichia pastoris strain SMD1168H-C-AtUSP is performed at 30°C and pH 7.0 throughout the procedure, 20% glucose is supplemented at a rate of 9 ml/h, and DO is maintained at over 20%. After 60 h, the cell wet weight stabilizes (a wet weight of 276.7 g/l is obtained at 96 h). The crude enzyme activity increases up to 84 h, then it is stabilized, with activity 1601 U/ml. Thus, USP activity increases in 5-l fermenter compared with that in shaken flasks. The optimal temperature is around 35°C, lower than the optimal temperature of enzymatic reaction by purified AtUSP (45°C), while the optimal pH value and metal ion conditions are close to those of the purified enzyme system | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | Mg2+ | maximum activity in the presence of Mg2+. 20 mM used in assay conditions | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
2.7.7.64 | Ca2+ | activates | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
2.7.7.64 | Mg2+ | required, activates, preferred cation | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
2.7.7.64 | Mn2+ | activates | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
2.7.7.64 | additional information | the enzyme requires bivalent cations for activity. HvUSP accepts other bivalent cation such as Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+, but prefers Mg2+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
2.7.7.64 | Zn2+ | activates | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | UTP + 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate | - |
? | |
2.7.7.64 | UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose | - |
r | |
2.7.7.64 | UTP + alpha-D-glucuronate 1-phosphate | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate | - |
r |
EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9C5I1 | - |
- |
2.7.7.64 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9C5I1 | - |
- |
EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | UTP + 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate | - |
? | |
2.7.7.44 | UTP + 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate | approximately 30% conversion | Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate | - |
? | |
2.7.7.44 | UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | nearly 50% conversion | Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose | - |
? | |
2.7.7.64 | UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose | - |
r | |
2.7.7.64 | UTP + alpha-D-glucuronate 1-phosphate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate | - |
r |
EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.44 | USP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | AtUSP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | USP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | 37 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | 35 | - |
crude recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | 45 | - |
purified recombinant enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana |
EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.44 | 7.5 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
2.7.7.64 | 7.5 | 8.5 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |