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Literature summary extracted from

  • Parthasarathy, A.; Adams, L.E.; Savka, F.C.; Hudson, A.O.
    The Arabidopsis thaliana gene annotated by the locus tag At3g08860 encodes alanine aminotransferase (2019), Plant Direct, 3, e00171 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.6.1.18 locus At3g08860, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparisons, recombinant expression of the enzyme lacking the N-terminal signal sequence and functional complementation of two Escherichia coli mutants (panD and HYE032) auxotrophic for the amino acids, L-alanine (proteinogenic) and beta-alanine (non-proteinogenic). The enzyme is not able to complement the Escherichia coli mutant DL39, that harbors a mutation in the tyrosine aminotransferase (tyrB) gene which leads to auxotrophy for L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. Recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus-RIPL mutants auxotrophic for the amino acids L-alanine and beta-alanine Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 locus At3g08860, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparisons, recombinant expression of the enzyme lacking the N-terminal signal sequence and functional complementation of two Escherichia coli mutants (panD and HYE032) auxotrophic for the amino acids, L-alanine (proteinogenic) and beta-alanine (non-proteinogenic). The enzyme is not able to complement the Escherichia coli mutant DL39, that harbors a mutation in the tyrosine aminotransferase (tyrB) gene which leads to auxotrophy for L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. Recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.6.1.44 0.56
-
 glyoxylate at pH 8.0 and 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 0.63
-
 L-alanine at pH 8.0 and 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.6.1.18 mitochondrion the first 93 nucleotides of the full-length cDNA are predicted to encode the signal sequence that denote localization to the mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana 5739
-
2.6.1.44 mitochondrion the first 93 nucleotides of the full-length cDNA are predicted to encode the signal sequence that denote localization to the mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana 5739
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.6.1.18 L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 pyruvate + beta-alanine
-
 r
2.6.1.18 L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate Arabidopsis thaliana Col7
-
 pyruvate + beta-alanine
-
 r
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 pyruvate + glycine
-
 ?
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 pyruvate + glycine
-
 r
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate Arabidopsis thaliana Col7
-
 pyruvate + glycine
-
 ?
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate Arabidopsis thaliana Col7
-
 pyruvate + glycine
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.6.1.18 Arabidopsis thaliana Q9SR86
-
-
2.6.1.18 Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 Q9SR86
-
-
2.6.1.44 Arabidopsis thaliana Q9SR86
-
-
2.6.1.44 Arabidopsis thaliana Q9SR86 ecotype Col 7
-
2.6.1.44 Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 Q9SR86
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.6.1.18 recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 TALON metal affinity resin column chromatography Arabidopsis thaliana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.6.1.18 L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate + beta-alanine
-
 r
2.6.1.18 L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 pyruvate + beta-alanine
-
 r
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate + glycine
-
 ?
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate + glycine
-
 r
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 pyruvate + glycine
-
 ?
2.6.1.44 L-alanine + glyoxylate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 pyruvate + glycine
-
 r
2.6.1.44 additional information enzymatic activity is not detected using beta-alanine as the amino donor with either pyruvate or glyoxylate as amino acceptors Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
-
2.6.1.44 additional information enzymatic activity is not detected using beta-alanine as the amino donor with either pyruvate or glyoxylate as amino acceptors Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 ?
-
-

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.6.1.18 ? x * 50000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 ? x * 50000, SDS-PAGE Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 ? x * 50000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.6.1.18 alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 At3g08860 locus name Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase 3 UniProt Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 More bifunctional enzyme, see also EC 2.6.1.44 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 alanine aminotransferase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 At3g08860
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 At3g08860 locus name Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 L-alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 More bifunctional enzyme, see also EC 2.6.1.18 Arabidopsis thaliana

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.6.1.18 30
-
 assay at Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 30
-
 assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.6.1.18 8
-
 assay at Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 8
-
 assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
2.6.1.18 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate PLP Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate PLP Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
2.6.1.18 Arabidopsis thaliana the enzyme is specifically upregulated in response to osmotic stress, but not other stresses (beta-alanine is an osmoprotectant in plants) up
2.6.1.44 Arabidopsis thaliana the enzyme is specifically upregulated in response to osmotic stress, but not other stresses (beta-alanine is an osmoprotectant in plants) up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.6.1.18 evolution aminotransferase enzymes function via a bimolecular double displacement ping-pong mechanism where an amino acid usually serves as the amino donor and an alpha-keto acid serves as the amino acceptor. Aminotransferases are ubiquitous in the three domains of life and are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, nitrogen assimilation, gluconeogenesis, responses to a number of biotic/abiotic stresses, and among other pathways. The aminotransferase gene family in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 44 genes, eight of which are suggested to be alanine aminotransferases. One of the putative alanine aminotransferases genes, At3g08860, is attributed the function of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase based on the analysis of gene expression networks and homology to other beta-alanine aminotransferases in plants Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 metabolism the expression of At3g08860 is highly coordinated with the genes of the uracil degradation pathway leading to the non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-alanine Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 additional information structural analysis and homology modeling of the At3g08860-encoded enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.18 physiological function the enzyme produces beta-alanine, which is an osmoprotectant in plants Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 evolution aminotransferase enzymes function via a bimolecular double displacement ping-pong mechanism where an amino acid usually serves as the amino donor and an alpha-keto acid serves as the amino acceptor. Aminotransferases are ubiquitous in the three domains of life and are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, nitrogen assimilation, gluconeogenesis, responses to a number of biotic/abiotic stresses, and among other pathways. The aminotransferase gene family in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 44 genes, eight of which are suggested to be alanine aminotransferases. One of the putative alanine aminotransferases genes, At3g08860, is attributed the function of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase based on the analysis of gene expression networks and homology to other beta-alanine aminotransferases in plants Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 metabolism the expression of At3g08860 is highly coordinated with the genes of the uracil degradation pathway leading to the non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-alanine Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 additional information structural analysis and homology modeling of the At3g08860-encoded enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
2.6.1.44 physiological function the enzyme produces beta-alanine, which is an osmoprotectant in plants Arabidopsis thaliana