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Literature summary extracted from

  • Fan, Y.; Yu, M.; Liu, M.; Zhang, R.; Sun, W.; Qian, M.; Duan, H.; Chang, W.; Ma, J.; Qu, C.; Zhang, K.; Lei, B.; Lu, K.
    Genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of the galactinol synthase gene family in rapeseed and tobacco (2017), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18, 2768 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.4.1.123 identification of 20 BnGolS genes, DNA and amino acid sequence determinations and analysis, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, genetic structure and chromosomal location, overview Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 identification of 9 NtGolS genes, DNA and amino acid sequence determinations and analysis, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, genetic structure and chromosomal location, overview Nicotiana tabacum

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.123 cytoplasm
-
 Brassica napus 5737
-
2.4.1.123 cytoplasm all isozymes locate to the cytoplasm Nicotiana tabacum 5737
-
2.4.1.123 mitochondrion isozyme BnGolS3-2 Brassica napus 5739
-
2.4.1.123 additional information no transmembrane transport and signal peptide sequences are identified in the GolS enzyme sequences Nicotiana tabacum
-
-
2.4.1.123 additional information no transmembrane transport and signal peptide sequences are identified in the GolS enzyme sequences. All isozymes locate to the cytoplasm, only BnGolS3-2 localizes to mitochondria Brassica napus
-
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.123 Mn2+ required, Asp125, Asp127, His263 and Cys265 are involved in Mn2+ binding Brassica napus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.123 UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol Brassica napus
-
 UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
 ?
2.4.1.123 UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol Nicotiana tabacum
-
 UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.4.1.123 Brassica napus B6ZBV9 20 genes, BnGolS1-1 to BnGolS7-2
-
2.4.1.123 Nicotiana tabacum A0A0R4WFX4 9 genes, NtGolS1-1 to NtGolS 2-6
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.123 flower mature and senescent Nicotiana tabacum
-
2.4.1.123 fruit capsule dry capsules Nicotiana tabacum
-
2.4.1.123 hypocotyl BnGolS1 members Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 leaf mature, high expression of BnGolS3 members Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 additional information tissue-specific and hormone-induced expression patterns of BnGolS. BnGolS6 and BnGolS7 members are not expressed in most tissues and were only weakly expressed in specific tissues during a specific development stage Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 additional information tissue-specific and hormone-induced expression patterns of NtGolS. NtGolS2-2, NtGolS2-3 and all of the NtGolS1 members display constitutive expression in all tissues tested. NtGolS1-1 and NtGolS1-2 are highly expressed in stems and dry capsules, while NtGolS1-3 is highly expressed in mature flowers and senescent flowers. NtGolS2-2, NtGolS2-3, NtGolS2-4 and NtGolS2-6 display high expression in dry capsules, while NtGolS2-1 and NtGolS2-5 have no detectable expression Nicotiana tabacum
-
2.4.1.123 pericarp strong expression of BnGolS2 and BnGolS3 members 40 days after flowering Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 root BnGolS4-1 Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 seed high expression of BnGolS1-1 and BnGolS1-3 40 days after flowering, BnGolS6-4 is weakly expressed 10 days after flowering, and BnGolS7-2 is weakly expressed 30 and 40 days after flowering Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 seedling
-
 Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 seedling
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
2.4.1.123 silique strong expression of BnGolS2 and BnGolS3 members 40 days after flowering Brassica napus
-
2.4.1.123 stem
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.123 UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
-
 Brassica napus UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
 ?
2.4.1.123 UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
-
 Nicotiana tabacum UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.4.1.123 ? x * 13740-39260, sequence calculations, overview Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 ? x * 25260-41400, sequence calculations, overview Nicotiana tabacum

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.4.1.123 galactinol synthase
-
 Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 galactinol synthase
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
2.4.1.123 GOLS
-
 Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 GOLS
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
2.4.1.123 GolS1
-
 Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 GolS1
-
 Nicotiana tabacum

pI Value

EC Number Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
2.4.1.123 Brassica napus sequence calculations, overview 7.03 4.69
2.4.1.123 Nicotiana tabacum sequence calculations, overview 7.03 5.18

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
2.4.1.123 Nicotiana tabacum galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses up
2.4.1.123 Brassica napus galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses. Induction by brassinosteroid, salicylic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate treatments. Six hormone inducible marker genes all show upregulation in response to corresponding hormone treatments, the isozymes are induced by one or more of the hormones, overview up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.4.1.123 evolution phylogenetic relationship among GolS proteins in plants, and evolutionary relationships and biological functions of GolS family in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), further evolutionary relationships among GolS members in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae species, overview. Evaluation of predicted three-dimensional structures of representative GolS members from Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. Spatio-temporal and hormone response expression patterns of these GolS genes. Comparison of the genes with the genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Genotyping. Conserved motifs of GolS proteins Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 evolution phylogenetic relationship among GolS proteins in plants, and evolutionary relationships and biological functions of GolS family in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), further evolutionary relationships among GolS members in Brassicaceae and Solanaceae species, overview. Evaluation of predicted three-dimensional structures of representative GolS members from Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. Spatio-temporal and hormone response expression patterns of these GolS genes. Comparison of the genes with the genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Genotyping. Conserved motifs of GolS proteins Nicotiana tabacum
2.4.1.123 metabolism galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 metabolism galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis Nicotiana tabacum
2.4.1.123 additional information three-dimensional structure prediction and homology modeling for BnGolS, overview. in BnGolS1-2, two Asp residues play a key role in the binding of the ligands in UDP-galactose and inositol, the crucial inositol-binding residues are Phe33, Try40, Ile105, Asp125 and Asp127, while the important UDP-galactose binding residues are Phe33, Try40, Ile105, Lys109, Try123, Asp125, Asp127, Try163, Ile165, Gln222, and Lys270. The Lys270 residue involved in UDP-galactose binding is part of the HxxGxxKPW motif. The conserved DxD motif plays a crucial role in the binding of micro-molecules in the galactinol catalytic pocket, whereas the HxxGxxKPW motif generally participates in macro-molecular binding. Docking of ligands onto the modeled BnGolS1-2 protein structure Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 additional information three-dimensional structure prediction and homology modeling for NtGolS, overview Nicotiana tabacum
2.4.1.123 physiological function galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses indicates RFOs function in environmental adaptation Brassica napus
2.4.1.123 physiological function galactinol synthase (GolS) accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses indicates RFOs function in environmental adaptation Nicotiana tabacum