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Literature summary extracted from

  • Liu, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, W.; Ren, Z.; Jia, L.; Li, W.; Ma, Z.
    Evolutionary conservation and divergence of genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase in the allotetraploid cotton species Gossypium hirsutum (2019), Cells, 8, 412 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + H2O + acetoacetyl-CoA Gossypium hirsutum
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 (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
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 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.3.10 Gossypium hirsutum
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-
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Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.3.3.10 cotyledon GhHMGS1D is moderately expressed at 40 days post anthesis. GhHMGS3D is significantly expressed at 0 and 30 days post anthesis Gossypium hirsutum
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2.3.3.10 petal GhHMGS1A is moderately expressed at 10 and 40 days post anthesis. GhHMGS1D is moderately expressed at 40 days post anthesis. GhHMGS3A is relatively highly expressed at 20 days post anthesis Gossypium hirsutum
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2.3.3.10 plant ovule GhHMGS1A is moderately expressed at 10 and 40 days post anthesis. GhHMGS1D is moderately expressed at 40 days post anthesis. Although the GhHMGS2D expression level is generally low in the examined tissues, GhHMGS2D expression is relatively high in the ovules at 10 and 20 days post anthesis. GhHMGS3A is relatively highly expressed at 20 days post anthesis. GhHMGS3D is significantly expressed at 0 and 30 days post anthesis Gossypium hirsutum
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2.3.3.10 root GhHMGS1A and GhHMGS1D were most highly expressed in the roots. The six 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes are expressed in all tested tissues, with most genes considerably expressed in the roots. GhHMGS3A and GhHMGS3D expression patterns are similar. Both genes are highly expressed in the roots and ovules at 40 days post anthesis Gossypium hirsutum
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2.3.3.10 stem GhHMGS1A is moderately expressed at 10 and 40 days post anthesis. GhHMGS1D is moderately expressed at 40 days post anthesis. Although the GhHMGS2A level is generally low in the examined tissues, GhHMGS2A expression is relatively high in the stems. GhHMGS3A is relatively highly expressed at 20 days post anthesis. GhHMGS3D is significantly expressed at 0 and 30 days post anthesis Gossypium hirsutum
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.3.10 acetyl-CoA + H2O + acetoacetyl-CoA
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 Gossypium hirsutum (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.3.3.10 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase
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 Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 GhHMGS1A
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 Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 GhHMGS1D
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 Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 GhHMGS2D
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 Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 GhHMGS3A
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 Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 GhHMGS3D
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 Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 HMGS
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 Gossypium hirsutum

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
2.3.3.10 Gossypium hirsutum under the drought stress conditions simulated by 20% PEG, GhHMGS1A expression is slightly down-regulated at 12 h. When seedlings are exposed to 4°C for up to 12 h, GhHMGS1A expression is down-regulated. When seedlings are exposed to 4°C for up to 12 h, GhHMGS1A expression is down-regulated, while GhHMGS1D expression is down-regulated during the first 6 h but is slightly up-regulated at 12 h. GhHMGS2A expression is down-regulated under the cold treatment. The cold stress treatment decreases the GhHMGS3A expression level during the first 6 h but increases it at 12 h down
2.3.3.10 Gossypium hirsutum GhHMGS1A and GhHMGS1D are strongly induced by gibberellin, auxin, and salicylic acid treatments, but are up-regulated by methyl jasmonate to varying degrees. The expression level of GhHMGS1A increases over time following the methyl jasmonate treatment, but GhHMGS1D expression peaks at 0.5 h after the methyl jasmonate treatment and then decreases to the control level, followed by another increase. GhHMGS2D is induced by all phytohormone treatments to varying extents. GhHMGS2D is strongly induced by salicylic acid and is only slightly up-regulated under the gibberellin and auxin treatment. In response to methyl jasmonate, the transcript level of GhHMGS2D undergoes relatively minimal changes during the initial time points but is significantly increased at 5 h. GhHMGS3A and GhHMGS3D are strongly induced by all four phytohormone treatments. Their expression profiles are very similar, although GhHMGS3A expression is up-regulated after the auxin treatment, whereas GhHMGS3D expression peaks at 3 h and then decreased slightly. Both GhHMGS1A and GhHMGS1D are induced by salt stress. Under the drought stress conditions simulated by 20% PEG, GhHMGS1D expression is slightly up-regulated at 6 h before decreasing slightly. When seedlings are exposed to 4°C for up to 12 h, GhHMGS1D expression is down-regulated during the first 6 h but is slightly up-regulated at 12 h. GhHMGS2D is induced by all salt, drought, cold, and heat stresses. The expression levels of both GhHMGS3A and GhHMGS3D are significantly up-regulated under salt stress. In response to simulated drought stress (20% PEG), GhHMGS3A expression is unaffected at the early time points but is upregulated at 6 h. GhHMGS3D expression is slightly upregulated throughout the imposed drought conditions. The cold stress treatment decreases the GhHMGS3A expression level during the first 6 h but increases it at 12 h. In response to heat stress, GhHMGS3A and GhHMGS3D exhibit similar up-regulated expression profiles, with the highest expression levels at 12 h up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.3.10 evolution a total of 53 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes in 23 land plant species, while no 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes are detected in three green algae species. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes may have originated from a common ancestral gene before clustering in different branches during the divergence of plant lineages. Six 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes are detected in the allotetraploid cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum), which was twice that of the two diploid cotton species (Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum). The comparison of gene structures and phylogenetic analysis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes reveales conserved evolution during polyploidization in Gossypium. The sequence and expression divergence of duplicated genes in Gossypium hirsutum implied the sub-functionalization of GhHMGS1A and GhHMGS1D as well as GhHMGS3A and GhHMGS3D, whereas it implied the pseudogenization of GhHMGS2A and GhHMGS2D. The study unravels the evolutionary history of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes in green plants and from diploid to allotetraploid in cotton and illustrates the different evolutionary fates of duplicated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase genes resulting from polyploidization Gossypium hirsutum
2.3.3.10 metabolism key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway Gossypium hirsutum