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Literature summary extracted from

  • Olsen, S.; Popper, Z.; Krause, K.
    Two sides of the same coin xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases in host infection by the parasitic plant Cuscuta (2016), Plant Signal. Behav., 11, e1145336 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.207 cell wall
-
 Cuscuta reflexa 5618
-
2.4.1.207 cell wall
-
 Solanum lycopersicum 5618
-
3.2.1.151 cell wall
-
 Cuscuta reflexa 5618
-
3.2.1.151 cell wall
-
 Solanum lycopersicum 5618
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan + H2O Cuscuta reflexa
-
 ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan + H2O Solanum lycopersicum
-
 ?
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.4.1.207 Cuscuta reflexa
-
-
-
2.4.1.207 Solanum lycopersicum Q40144 i.e. Lycopersicon esculentum
-
3.2.1.151 Cuscuta reflexa
-
-
-
3.2.1.151 Solanum lycopersicum Q40144 i.e. Lycopersicon esculentum
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.207 haustorium
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
-
2.4.1.207 stem
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
-
3.2.1.151 haustorium
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
-
3.2.1.151 stem
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan + H2O
-
 Cuscuta reflexa ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan + H2O
-
 Solanum lycopersicum ?
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.4.1.207 LeXTH1
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.4.1.207 XET
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
2.4.1.207 XET
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.4.1.207 XTH
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
2.4.1.207 XTH
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.4.1.207 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
2.4.1.207 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
2.4.1.207 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
2.4.1.207 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
3.2.1.151 LeXTH1
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
3.2.1.151 XEH
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
3.2.1.151 XEH
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
3.2.1.151 XTH
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
3.2.1.151 XTH
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
-
 Solanum lycopersicum
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan hydrolase
-
 Cuscuta reflexa
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan hydrolase
-
 Solanum lycopersicum

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.4.1.207 physiological function the holoparasitic angiosperm Cuscuta develops haustoria that enable it to feed on other plants, e.g. tomato plants. Cell wall modifications seem to be required in order for the parasite to successfully infect a host, changes to xyloglucan through the activity of xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are essential. On the other hand, XTH expression is also detected in resistant tomato upon an attack by Cuscuta, which suggests that both host and parasite use these enzymes in their arms race. Cell wall-modifying activities of XTHs during parasitization , overview. XTHs might function to make the host's resources accessible to Cuscuta. One of the defense responses of Solanum lycopersicum is the increased expression of LeXTH1, a gene encoding an XTH. The function of LeXTH1 might be to promote the elongation of tomato epidermal cells that takes place at the site of contact with the parasite. Another possibility is that LeXTH1 is deployed to reinforce the tomato cell walls, presumably as a remedy against the cell wall loosening activity of Cuscuta XTHs at the interface. Increased levels of xyloglucan degradation occur in the haustorium of Cuscuta reflexa and in the infected Solanum lycopersicum host plant Solanum lycopersicum
2.4.1.207 physiological function the holoparasitic angiosperm Cuscuta develops haustoria that enable it to feed on other plants, e.g. tomato plants. Cell wall modifications seem to be required in order for the parasite to successfully infect a host, changes to xyloglucan through the activity of xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are essential. On the other hand, XTH expression is also detected in resistant tomato upon an attack by Cuscuta, which suggests that both host and parasite use these enzymes in their arms race. Cell wall-modifying activities of XTHs during parasitization, overview. XTHs might function to make the host's resources accessible to Cuscuta. At the onset of haustorium development, the swelling of the parasite stem facing the host plant is facilitated by Cuscuta XTHs that promote expansive cell growth through wall loosening. As the haustorium begins its host-invasive growth, XTHs secreted from the infection organ aid tissue penetration by loosening host cell walls. Upon reaching the vascular bundles of its host, the cell wall loosening activity of Cuscuta XTHs at the host-parasite interface enables parasite feeding through apoplastic sugar transfer and/or by promoting vascular tissue differentiation. To prevent exaggerated cell wall loosening under low turgor pressure, Cuscuta XTHs must also strengthen its own walls. When Cuscuta attempts to invade cultivated tomato by deploying wall loosening XTHs at the interface, the counteractive wall strengthening activity of host-encoded XTHs prevents the haustorium from entering the host plant. Model of the putative function of XTHs in the parasitization strategy of Cuscuta, increased levels of xyloglucan degradation occur in the haustorium of Cuscuta reflexa and in the infected Solanum lycopersicum host plant Cuscuta reflexa
3.2.1.151 physiological function the holoparasitic angiosperm Cuscuta develops haustoria that enable it to feed on other plants, e.g. tomato plants. Cell wall modifications seem to be required in order for the parasite to successfully infect a host, changes to xyloglucan through the activity of xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are essential. On the other hand, XTH expression is also detected in resistant tomato upon an attack by Cuscuta, which suggests that both host and parasite use these enzymes in their arms race. Cell wall-modifying activities of XTHs during parasitization , overview. XTHs might function to make the host's resources accessible to Cuscuta. One of the defense responses of Solanum lycopersicum is the increased expression of LeXTH1, a gene encoding an XTH. The function of LeXTH1 might be to promote the elongation of tomato epidermal cells that takes place at the site of contact with the parasite. Another possibility is that LeXTH1 is deployed to reinforce the tomato cell walls, presumably as a remedy against the cell wall loosening activity of Cuscuta XTHs at the interface. Increased levels of xyloglucan degradation occur in the haustorium of Cuscuta reflexa and in the infected Solanum lycopersicum host plant Solanum lycopersicum
3.2.1.151 physiological function the holoparasitic angiosperm Cuscuta develops haustoria that enable it to feed on other plants, e.g. tomato plants. Cell wall modifications seem to be required in order for the parasite to successfully infect a host, changes to xyloglucan through the activity of xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are essential. On the other hand, XTH expression is also detected in resistant tomato upon an attack by Cuscuta, which suggests that both host and parasite use these enzymes in their arms race. Cell wall-modifying activities of XTHs during parasitization, overview. XTHs might function to make the host's resources accessible to Cuscuta. At the onset of haustorium development, the swelling of the parasite stem facing the host plant is facilitated by Cuscuta XTHs that promote expansive cell growth through wall loosening. As the haustorium begins its host-invasive growth, XTHs secreted from the infection organ aid tissue penetration by loosening host cell walls. Upon reaching the vascular bundles of its host, the cell wall loosening activity of Cuscuta XTHs at the host-parasite interface enables parasite feeding through apoplastic sugar transfer and/or by promoting vascular tissue differentiation. To prevent exaggerated cell wall loosening under low turgor pressure, Cuscuta XTHs must also strengthen its own walls. When Cuscuta attempts to invade cultivated tomato by deploying wall loosening XTHs at the interface, the counteractive wall strengthening activity of host-encoded XTHs prevents the haustorium from entering the host plant. Model of the putative function of XTHs in the parasitization strategy of Cuscuta, increased levels of xyloglucan degradation occur in the haustorium of Cuscuta reflexa and in the infected Solanum lycopersicum host plant Cuscuta reflexa