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Literature summary extracted from

  • Kooij, P.W.; Pullens, J.W.; Boomsma, J.J.; Schiott, M.
    Ant mediated redistribution of a xyloglucanase enzyme in fungus gardens of Acromyrmex echinatior (2016), BMC Microbiol., 16, 81 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
3.2.1.151 gene xeg1, quantitative expression analysis, recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc1 using the galactose inducible GAL1 promoter, heterologous expression of gene xeg1 in yeast shows specificity towards xyloglucan Acromyrmex echinatior

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
3.2.1.151 Acromyrmex echinatior
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Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
3.2.1.151 additional information highly active enzyme Xeg1 in symbiotic ant fecal fluid. The enzyme is significantly more expressed in the gongylidia than in normal mycelium Acromyrmex echinatior
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.151 barley beta-glucan + H2O lower activity compared to xyloglucan Acromyrmex echinatior ?
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 ?
3.2.1.151 hydroxyethyl cellulose + H2O very low activity Acromyrmex echinatior ?
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 ?
3.2.1.151 pachyman + H2O lower activity compared to xyloglucan Acromyrmex echinatior ?
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 ?
3.2.1.151 xyloglucan + H2O substrate specificity of fungal Xeg1 towards xyloglucan Acromyrmex echinatior ?
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 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
3.2.1.151 endo-beta-1,4-xyloglucanase
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 Acromyrmex echinatior
3.2.1.151 Xeg1
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 Acromyrmex echinatior
3.2.1.151 xyloglucanase
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 Acromyrmex echinatior

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
3.2.1.151 evolution the enzyme belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 12, GH12 Acromyrmex echinatior
3.2.1.151 physiological function the fungal symbiont provides a single xyloglucanase (Xeg1) to its ant farmers by upregulating the expression of this protein in the inflated hyphal tips (gongylidia) that the ants ingest. Similar to other enzymes ingested this way, also Xeg1 is not digested but vectored to the fresh leaf-fragment pulp at the top of fungus gardens via ant fecal fluid. Xeg1 is 4-5 times more active in fecal fluid when ants ingest their normal fungal food, compared to a sucrose control diet, as expected when they cannot produce Xeg1 themselves. Ingestion of the enzyme by the ants for transfer to the fecal fluid is actively promoted by the fungal symbiont Acromyrmex echinatior