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Literature summary extracted from

  • Desguin, B.; Goffin, P.; Bakouche, N.; Diman, A.; Viaene, E.; Dandoy, D.; Fontaine, L.; Hallet, B.; Hols, P.
    Enantioselective regulation of lactate racemization by LarR in Lactobacillus plantarum (2015), J. Bacteriol., 197, 219-230 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
5.1.2.1 LacR hypothetical model of PlarA regulation by LarR: in the presence of L-lactate, activated LarR binds to the Lar box motif and multimerizes on the half-Lar boxes. This will promote direct interaction of one LarR dimer with the RNA polymerase, resulting in transcriptional activation of the PlarA (productive binding). In the presence of D-lactate, D-lactatet can block LarR activation, for instance, by impairing L-lactate recognition, which will result in limited LarR binding and multimerization and absence of transcriptional activation (unproductive binding) Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
5.1.2.1 additional information the lactate racemase is a nickel-dependent enzyme requiring activation by the accessory protein LarE, which itself requires activation by the accessory proteins LarB and LarC and nickel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
5.1.2.1 gene larA, recombinant expression in Lactobacillus lactis strain NZ3900, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain TOP10 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
5.1.2.1 Ni2+ nickel-dependent lactate racemase Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
5.1.2.1 (S)-lactate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
-
 (R)-lactate
-
 r
5.1.2.1 (S)-lactate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC BAA-793 / NCIMB 8826 / WCFS1
-
 (R)-lactate
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
5.1.2.1 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F9USS9
-
-
5.1.2.1 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC BAA-793 / NCIMB 8826 / WCFS1 F9USS9
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
5.1.2.1 (S)-lactate
-
 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (R)-lactate
-
 r
5.1.2.1 (S)-lactate
-
 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC BAA-793 / NCIMB 8826 / WCFS1 (R)-lactate
-
 r

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
5.1.2.1 LARa
-
 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
5.1.2.1 nickel-dependent lactate racemase
-
 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
5.1.2.1 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum lactate racemase (Lar) is transcriptionally controlled by the L-/D-lactate ratio and maximally induced in the presence of L-lactate. LarR is a positive regulator that is absolutely required for the expression of Lar activity. LarR binds to a 16-bp palindromic sequence (Lar box motif) that is present in the larRlarA intergenic region up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
5.1.2.1 malfunction mutations in the Lar box strongly affect LarR binding and completely abolish transcription from the larA promoter (PlarA) Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
5.1.2.1 physiological function the lactate racemase is a nickel-dependent enzyme requiring activation by the accessory protein LarE, which itself requires activation by the accessory proteins LarB and LarC and nickel. The interconversion of lactate isomers is performed by a lactate racemase (Lar) that is transcriptionally controlled by the L-/D-lactate ratio and maximally induced in the presence of L-lactate. The Lar activity depends on the expression of two divergently oriented operons: (i) the larABCDE operon encodes the nickel-dependent lactate racemase (LarA), its maturases (LarBCE), and a lactic acid channel (LarD), and (ii) the larR(MN)QO operon encodes a transcriptional regulator (LarR) and a four-component ABC-type nickel transporter [Lar(MN), in which the M and N components are fused, LarQ, and LarO]. LarR is a regulator of the Crp-Fnr family (PrfA group). L-Lactate has a positive effect on the binding and multimerization of LarR, while D-lactate antagonizes the positive effect of L-lactate. A possible mechanism of LarR regulation by lactate enantiomers is proposed. Hypothetical model of PlarA regulation by LarR: in the presence of L-lactate, activated LarR binds to the Lar box motif and multimerizes on the half-Lar boxes. This will promote direct interaction of one LarR dimer with the RNA polymerase, resulting in transcriptional activation of the PlarA (productive binding). In the presence of D-lactate, D-lactatet can block LarR activation, for instance, by impairing L-lactate recognition, which will result in limited LarR binding and multimerization and absence of transcriptional activation (unproductive binding). Role of LarR in vivo and in vitro Lactiplantibacillus plantarum