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Literature summary extracted from

  • Ukibe, K.; Hashida, K.; Yoshida, N.; Takagi, H.
    Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for astaxanthin production and oxidative stress tolerance (2009), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 7205-7211 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.3.99.31 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells expressing CrtI, CrtYB, and CrtS from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous accumulate beta-carotene but not astaxanthin Phaffia rhodozyma
1.14.99.63 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing CrtI, CrtYB, and CrtS from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous accumulate beta-carotene but not astaxanthin. Coexpression of CrtR with CrtS results in astaxanthin production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Phaffia rhodozyma
2.5.1.29 overexpression of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (the BTS1 gene product) increases the intracellular beta-carotene levels due to the accelerated conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Expression of BTS1 in Sacharomyces cerevisiae under the control of a strong and constitutive ADH1 promoter, leads to a 22fold increase in beta-carotene production Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.5.1.32 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells expressing CrtI, CrtYB, and CrtS from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous accumulate beta-carotene but not astaxanthin Phaffia rhodozyma
5.5.1.19 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells expressing CrtI, CrtYB, and CrtS from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous accumulate beta-carotene but not astaxanthin Phaffia rhodozyma

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.14.99.63 cytosol
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma 5829
-
1.14.99.63 endoplasmic reticulum
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma 5783
-

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.3.99.31 Phaffia rhodozyma O13506
-
-
1.3.99.31 Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202 O13506
-
-
1.14.99.63 Phaffia rhodozyma
-
-
-
1.14.99.63 Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202
-
-
-
2.5.1.29 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
-
2.5.1.29 Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1
-
-
-
2.5.1.32 Phaffia rhodozyma Q7Z859
-
-
2.5.1.32 Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202 Q7Z859
-
-
5.5.1.19 Phaffia rhodozyma Q7Z859
-
-
5.5.1.19 Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202 Q7Z859
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.99.63 beta-carotene + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is bifunctional and also catalyses the activity of beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase Phaffia rhodozyma echinenone + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.99.63 beta-carotene + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is bifunctional and also catalyses the activity of beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202 echinenone + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.99.63 echinenone + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is bifunctional and also catalyses the activity of beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase Phaffia rhodozyma canthaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.99.63 echinenone + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is bifunctional and also catalyses the activity of beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24202 canthaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.3.99.31 CrtI
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
1.3.99.31 lycopene synthase
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
1.3.99.31 phytoene desaturase
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
1.14.99.63 crtS
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
2.5.1.29 BTS1
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.5.1.29 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.5.1.29 GGPP synthase
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.5.1.32 crtYB
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
2.5.1.32 phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
5.5.1.19 crtYB
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma
5.5.1.19 phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase
-
 Phaffia rhodozyma

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.14.99.63 cytochrome P450 cytochrome P450 protein Phaffia rhodozyma