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Literature summary extracted from

  • Rodriguez-Ruiz, M.; Mateos, R.M.; Codesido, V.; Corpas, F.J.; Palma, J.M.
    Characterization of the galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase from pepper fruits and its modulation in the ascorbate biosynthesis. Role of nitric oxide (2017), Redox Biol., 12, 171-181 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.3.2.3 gene GLDH1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis Capsicum annuum

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.3.2.3 glutathione the enzyme activity is inhibited by 60% by reduced glutathione (GSH) Capsicum annuum
1.3.2.3 additional information incubation of pepper crude extracts with increasing concentrations of SIN-1, a peroxynitrite donor, does not modify GalLDH activity significantly. Similarly, S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO, an NO donor, does not affect the enzyme activity either Capsicum annuum

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.3.2.3 mitochondrion GalLDH from pepper fruits is attached to the mitochondrial membrane through, at least, a very short transmembrane domain of 20 amino acids, with the rest of the protein structure being peripheral Capsicum annuum 5739
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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.3.2.3 L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 4 ferricytochrome c Capsicum annuum overall reaction L-dehydroascorbate + 4 ferrocytochrome c + 4 H+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.3.2.3 Capsicum annuum Q6QD76
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Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.3.2.3 flower very high enzyme expression but very low enzyme activity Capsicum annuum
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1.3.2.3 fruit green and red fruits Capsicum annuum
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1.3.2.3 leaf high enzyme expression but low enzyme activity Capsicum annuum
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1.3.2.3 additional information GalLDH activity occurs in fruits, leaves, flowers, and stems, with higher values obtained in fruits and stem. No significant differences are detected between green and red fruits Capsicum annuum
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1.3.2.3 stem
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 Capsicum annuum
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.3.2.3 L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 4 ferricytochrome c overall reaction Capsicum annuum L-dehydroascorbate + 4 ferrocytochrome c + 4 H+
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.3.2.3 ? x * 62200, about, sequence calculation Capsicum annuum

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.3.2.3 galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
-
 Capsicum annuum
1.3.2.3 GalLDH
-
 Capsicum annuum
1.3.2.3 GLDH1
-
 Capsicum annuum
1.3.2.3 L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase
-
 Capsicum annuum

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.3.2.3 25
-
 assay at Capsicum annuum

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.3.2.3 8.4
-
 assay at Capsicum annuum

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.3.2.3 cytochrome c
-
 Capsicum annuum
1.3.2.3 FAD
-
 Capsicum annuum

pI Value

EC Number Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
1.3.2.3 Capsicum annuum sequence calculation
-
 6.4

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.3.2.3 Capsicum annuum expression of the GalLDH gene is drastically induced about 13fold after the incubation with nitric monooxide up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.3.2.3 physiological function GalLDH is a key modulation point of the physiology of pepper plants. GalLDH might have a pivotal role which allows the interaction with several neighboring respiratory oxidases. GalLDH is an unstable protein, and this contributes to maintain and even increase the ascorbate levels, it has also an important role during development and fruit ripening. Respiration can control ascorbate synthesis in plants and for its optimum biosynthesis is necessary an electron flux through the complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In vitro experiments on GalLDH activity in the presence of GSH show, the ascorbate levels in pepper fruits also depend on the redox chemical surrounding of the GalLDH, since this enzyme activity is inhibited by GSH Capsicum annuum