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Literature summary extracted from

  • Chen, M.; Yan, T.; Shen, Q.; Lu, X.; Pan, Q.; Huang, Y.; Tang, Y.; Fu, X.; Liu, M.; Jiang, W.; Lv, Z.; Shi, P.; Ma, Y.; Hao, X.; Zhang, L.; Li, L.; Tang, K.
    Glandular trichome-specific WRKY 1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua (2017), New Phytol., 214, 304-316 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.14.14.114 gene CYP71AV1, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis Artemisia annua

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.14.14.114 amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] Artemisia annua overall reaction via artemsinic alcohol and artemsinic aldehyde, multistep process artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.114 amorpha-4,11-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] Artemisia annua
-
 artemisinic alcohol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.114 artemisinic alcohol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] Artemisia annua
-
 artemisinic aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.114 artemisinic aldehyde + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] Artemisia annua
-
 artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.14.114 Artemisia annua Q1PS23
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.14.14.114 trichome of stems, old and young leaves, and flower buds gathered 5-20 d after budding Artemisia annua
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.14.114 amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] overall reaction via artemsinic alcohol and artemsinic aldehyde, multistep process Artemisia annua artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.114 amorpha-4,11-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]
-
 Artemisia annua artemisinic alcohol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.114 artemisinic alcohol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]
-
 Artemisia annua artemisinic aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.114 artemisinic aldehyde + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]
-
 Artemisia annua artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.14.114 CYP71AV1
-
 Artemisia annua

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.14.14.114 cytochrome P450
-
 Artemisia annua
1.14.14.114 NADPH-hemoprotein reductase A flavoprotein containing both FMN and FAD. This enzyme catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADPH, an obligatory two-electron donor, to microsomal P-450 monooxygenases, EC 1.14.14._ Artemisia annua

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.14.14.114 Artemisia annua transcription factor protein glandular trichome-specific WRKY 1, i.e. AaGSW1, promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua by inducing CYP71AV1 expression. AaGSW1 positively regulates CYP71AV1 and AaORA expression by directly binding to the W-box motifs in their promoters. Overexpression of AaGSW1 in Artemisia annua (via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation method) significantly improves artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid contents. AaGSW1 can be directly regulated by AaMYC2 and AabZIP1, which are positive regulators of jasmonate- and abscisic acid-mediated artemisinin biosynthetic pathways, respectively. AaGSW1 binds to the W-box in the CYP71AV1 promoter in vitro and activates the transcription of CYP71AV1 in vivo. Global expression profile and phylogenetic analysis of WRKY transcription factors in Artemisia annua, overview up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.14.14.114 physiological function the positive regulator and transcription factor, glandular trichome-specific WRKY 1, is involved in the regulatory network of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, overview. Both AaMYC2 and AabZIP1 form a feed-forward loop with AaGSW1 to regulate CYP71AV1 Artemisia annua