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Literature summary extracted from

  • Le Roes-Hill, M.; Palmer, Z.; Rohland, J.; Kirby, B.; Burton, S.
    Partial purification and characterisation of two actinomycete tyrosinases and their application in cross-linking reactions (2015), J. Mol. Catal. B, 122, 353-364 .
No PubMed abstract available

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 additional information when applied in various cross-linking reactions the tyrosinase is able to cross-link casein and gelatin in the absence of a phenolic compound, showing potential for application in the food industry and for the production of biomaterials Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 additional information when applied in various cross-linking reactions the tyrosinase is able to cross-link casein and gelatine in the absence of a phenolic compound, showing potential forapplication in the food industry and for the production of biomaterials Streptomyces polyantibioticus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.14.18.1 arbutin
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 arbutin
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Co2+ 22% inhibition at 5 mM Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Cu2+ over 60% inhibition at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 Cu2+ over 60% inhibition at 5 mM Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 EDTA
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 EDTA
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Fe2+ complete inhibition at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 additional information the enzyme is strongly inhibited by the reducing agents Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 additional information the enzyme is strongly inhibited by the reducing agents Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 sodium chloride
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 sodium chloride
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 sodium dodecylsulfate
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 sodium dodecylsulfate
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Zn2+ 70% inhibition at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.14.18.1 Ca2+ activates at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 Cu2+ a copper-containing enzyme Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 Cu2+ a copper-containing enzyme Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Mg2+ activates at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 Mn2+ activates at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 additional information no effect by Co2+ at 5 mM Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 additional information no effect by Zn2+ and Fe2+ at 5 mM Streptomyces polyantibioticus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2 Streptomyces pharetrae
-
 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
-
 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2 Streptomyces polyantibioticus SPR
-
 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2 Streptomyces pharetrae CZA14
-
 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?

Organic Solvent Stability

EC Number Organic Solvent Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 2-propanol 10% activity remaining at 40% v/v, 0% at 50% v/v Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 2-propanol 70% activity remaining at 30% v/v, below 5% at 40% v/v Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Acetone 20% activity remaining at 45% v/v, 0% at 50% v/v Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Acetone 75% activity remaining at 45% v/v, 18% at 50% v/v Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 acetonitrile 10% activity remaining at 30% v/v, 0% at 40% v/v Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 acetonitrile 70% activity remaining at 20% v/v, 0% at 30% v/v Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 DMSO 80% activity remaining at 40% v/v, 65% at 50% v/v Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 DMSO over 85% activity remaining at 40% v/v, 65% at 50% v/v Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Ethanol 65% activity remaining at 40% v/v, 15% at 50% v/v Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 Ethanol 80% activity remaining at 30% v/v, 0% at 40% v/v Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Methanol 20% activity remaining at 40% v/v, 0% at 50% v/v Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 Methanol 70% activity remaining at 40% v/v, 18% at 50% v/v Streptomyces pharetrae

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.18.1 Streptomyces pharetrae
-
-
-
1.14.18.1 Streptomyces pharetrae CZA14
-
-
-
1.14.18.1 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
-
-
-
1.14.18.1 Streptomyces polyantibioticus SPR
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.14.18.1 native enzyme 11.84fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and separation by additin of 20% (w/v) PEG 8000 solution, followed by anion exchange chromatography Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 native enzyme 5.16fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and separation by additin of 20% (w/v) PEG 8000 solution, followed by anion exchange chromatography Streptomyces pharetrae

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.14.18.1 additional information optimizatin of tyrosinase production for industrial applications, method optimization, overview Streptomyces pharetrae
-
1.14.18.1 additional information optimizatin of tyrosinase production for industrial applications, method optimization, overview Streptomyces polyantibioticus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 15.07
-
 purified enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 23.8
-
 purified enzyme, pH 6.5, 22°C Streptomyces polyantibioticus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus SPR 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.18.1 2 L-dopa + O2
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae CZA14 2 dopaquinone + 2 H2O
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 ? x * 30500, SDS-PAGE Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 ? x * 32600, SDS-PAGE Streptomyces pharetrae

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 CZA14Tyr
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 melC2
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 melC2
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 SPRTyr
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 22 35 first optimum Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 30 40 first optimum Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 50
-
 second optimum Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 60
-
 second optimum Streptomyces pharetrae

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 40
-
 enzyme CZA14Tyr, 1 h, stable up to Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 40
-
 enzyme SPRTyr , 1 h, stable up to Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 60
-
 enzyme CZA14Tyr shows residual activity of 29.50% (0.53% for SPRTyr) after 10 min incubation at 60°C, but rapidly loses 97% activity after 20 min of incubation Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 60
-
 enzyme SPRTyr shows residual activity of 0.53% after10 min incubation at 60°C meaning inactivation Streptomyces polyantibioticus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 6.5
-
-
 Streptomyces pharetrae
1.14.18.1 6.5
-
-
 Streptomyces polyantibioticus

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
1.14.18.1 4.5 10 enzyme SPRTyr, stable at Streptomyces polyantibioticus
1.14.18.1 6.5 10 enzyme CZA14Tyr, stable at Streptomyces pharetrae