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Literature summary extracted from

  • Zhang, Y.; Dai, Z.; Krivoruchko, A.; Chen, Y.; Siewers, V.; Nielsen, J.
    Functional pyruvate formate lyase pathway expressed with two different electron donors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at aerobic growth (2015), FEMS Yeast Res., 15, fov024 .
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.54 pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme activates the enzyme by forming a glycine radical, cf. EC 1.97.1.4 Escherichia coli

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.97.1.4 gene pflA, coexpression of pyruvate formate lyase (PFL, gene pflB, UniProt ID P09373 ) with the pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme, as well as with appropriate electron donors flavodoxin and ferredoxin (encoded by genes fldA and fdx, respectively), in a non-ethanol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain IMI076 lacking pyruvate decarboxylase and having a reduced glucose uptake rate due to a mutation in the transcriptional regulator Mth1, IMI076 (Pdc- MTH1-DELTAT ura3-52), plasmid maps, overview. Reduced flavodoxin is the preferred electron donor for PFL, but coexpression of either of the electron donors has a positive effect on growth under aerobic conditions. Subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha. The PFL pathway can be functional at aerobic growth conditions in yeast when coexpressed with appropriate electron donors Escherichia coli
2.3.1.54 gene pflB, coexpression of pyruvate formate lyase with the pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme (gene pflA, UniProt ID P0A9N4) as well as with appropriate electron donors flavodoxin and ferredoxin (encoded by genes fldA and fdx, respectively), in a non-ethanol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain IMI076 lacking pyruvate decarboxylase and having a reduced glucose uptake rate due to a mutation in the transcriptional regulator Mth1, IMI076 (Pdc- MTH1-DELTAT ura3-52), plasmid maps, overview. Reduced flavodoxin is the preferred electron donor, but coexpression of either of the electron donors has a positive effect on growth under aerobic conditions. Subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha. The PFL pathway can be functional at aerobic growth conditions in yeast when coexpressed with appropriate electron donors Escherichia coli

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.97.1.4 additional information recombinant coexpression of the enzyme with pyruvate format lyase and flavodoxin or ferredoxin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to over 20fold increased expression of endogenous formate dehydrogenases FDH1 and FDH2 Escherichia coli
2.3.1.54 additional information recombinant coexpression of the enzyme with pyruvate format lyase activating enzyme and flavodoxin or ferredoxin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to over 20fold increased expression of endogenous formate dehydrogenases FDH1 and FDH2 Escherichia coli

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.97.1.4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine Escherichia coli
-
 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical
-
 ?
2.3.1.54 CoA + pyruvate Escherichia coli
-
 acetyl-CoA + formate
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.97.1.4 Escherichia coli P0A9N4
-
-
2.3.1.54 Escherichia coli P09373
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.97.1.4 additional information PFL-AE utilizes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and reduced flavodoxin as the cosubstrates to generate a 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, which then activates PFL by abstracting a hydrogen atom from residue G734 Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?
1.97.1.4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine
-
 Escherichia coli 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical
-
 ?
2.3.1.54 CoA + pyruvate
-
 Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA + formate
-
 ?
2.3.1.54 additional information pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) is characterized as an enzyme functional at anaerobic conditions, since the radical in the enzyme's active form is sensitive to oxygen Escherichia coli ?
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.97.1.4 PFL-AE
-
 Escherichia coli
1.97.1.4 PflA
-
 Escherichia coli
1.97.1.4 pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme
-
 Escherichia coli
2.3.1.54 PflB
-
 Escherichia coli
2.3.1.54 pyruvate formate lyase
-
 Escherichia coli

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.97.1.4 30
-
 assay at Escherichia coli
2.3.1.54 30
-
 assay at Escherichia coli

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.97.1.4 Ferredoxin can partly substitute for flavodoxin Escherichia coli
1.97.1.4 flavodoxin preferred cofactor Escherichia coli
1.97.1.4 additional information reduced flavodoxin serves as an electron donor and SAM as a cosubstrate for PFL-AE to generate a 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, which is responsible for PFL activation Escherichia coli
1.97.1.4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
 Escherichia coli

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.1.54 physiological function pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) forms an alternative pathway for acetyl-CoA biosynthesis. Pyruvate formate lyase is characterized as an enzyme functional at anaerobic conditions, since the radical in the enzyme's active form is sensitive to oxygen. PFL pathway can be functional at aerobic growth conditions in yeast when coexpressed with appropriate electron donors Escherichia coli