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Literature summary extracted from

  • Shepherd, S.A.; Menon, B.R.; Fisk, H.; Struck, A.W.; Levy, C.; Leys, D.; Micklefield, J.
    A structure-guided switch in the regioselectivity of a tryptophan halogenase (2016), ChemBioChem, 17, 821-824 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.14.19.59
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.14.19.58 L460F/P461E/P462T site-directed, structure-guided mutagenesis, the mutant exhibit similar activity to the wild-type SttH, with tryptophan as a substrate, but shows a complete switch in regioselectivity compared to the wild-type enzyme without impacting on catalytic efficiency: 75% 5-chlorination is observed for the substrate 3-indolepropionate with the mutant in comparison to 90% 6-chlorination of 3-indolepropionate for the wild-type SttH. SttH is more like PyrH than PrnA, with insertions present in PyrH and SttH between residues SttH 155 and 167 and a deletion between SttH 457 and 464 compared with PrnA, the mutation, the only differences evident in the active-site region between the structures of PyrH and SttH are those of PyrH residues F451, E452 and T453 and SttH L460, P461 and P462. These residues are of particular interest because they are in close proximity to the active site in PyrH and SttH, and are positioned directly above the alpha-amino acid moiety of the substrate, tryptophan. Moreover, there isa loop insertion in PrnA in this region that is suggested to contribute to its regioselectivity. Each of these residues is mutated in SttH to the corresponding residue in PyrH, that is, L460F, P461E and P462T. Individually, each mutation reduces the relative activity of the enzyme with tryptophan, but does not have a significant effect on the observed regioselectivity, with 6-chlorotryptophan remaining the major product Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 L460F/P461E/P462T mutant exhibits similar activity to the wild-type SttH, with tryptophan as a substrate, but produces 32% 5-chlorotryptophan and 68% 6-chlorotryptophan, whereas the wild-type SttH only produces the 6-chlorinated product. with substrate 3-indolepropionic acid, mutant gives 75% 5-chloro-3-indolepropionic acid Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 L460F/P461E/P462T site-directed, structure-guided mutagenesis, the mutant exhibit similar activity to the wild-type SttH, with tryptophan as a substrate, but shows a complete switch in regioselectivity compared to the wild-type enzyme without impacting on catalytic efficiency: 75% 5-chlorination is observed for the substrate 3-indolepropionate with the mutant in comparison to 90% 6-chlorination of 3-indolepropionate for the wild-type SttH. SttH is more like PyrH than PrnA, with insertions present in PyrH and SttH between residues SttH 155 and 167 and a deletion between SttH 457 and 464 compared with PrnA, the mutation, the only differences evident in the active-site region between the structures of PyrH and SttH are those of PyrH residues F451, E452 and T453 and SttH L460, P461 and P462. These residues are of particular interest because they are in close proximity to the active site in PyrH and SttH, and are positioned directly above the alpha-amino acid moiety of the substrate, tryptophan. Moreover, there isa loop insertion in PrnA in this region that is suggested to contribute to its regioselectivity. Each of these residues is mutated in SttH to the corresponding residue in PyrH, that is, L460F, P461E and P462T. Individually, each mutation reduces the relative activity of the enzyme with tryptophan, but does not have a significant effect on the observed regioselectivity, with 6-chlorotryptophan remaining the major product Streptomyces toxytricini

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.19.58 0.241
-
 kynurenine wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.58 1.075
-
 anthranilamide wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.0008
-
 L-tryptophan wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.241
-
 kynurenine wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 1.075
-
 anthranilamide wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.14.19.59 L-tryptophan + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ Streptomyces toxytricini
-
 6-chloro-L-tryptophan + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.19.58 Streptomyces toxytricini E9P162
-
-
1.14.19.59 Streptomyces toxytricini E9P162
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.19.58 3-indolepropionate + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 57% conversion by the wild-type enzyme, 75% 5-chlorination is by mutant L460F/P461E/P462T in comparison to 90% 6-chlorination by the wild-type SttH Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-3-indolepropionate + 5-chloro-3-indolepropionate + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.58 anthranilamide + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 43% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-anthranilamide + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.58 anthranilate + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 1.1% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-anthranilate + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.58 kynurenine + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 79% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-kynurenine + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.58 N-phenylanthranilate + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 20% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-N-phenylanthranilate + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 3-indolepropionate + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 57% conversion by the wild-type enzyme, 75% 5-chlorination is by mutant L460F/P461E/P462T in comparison to 90% 6-chlorination by the wild-type SttH Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-3-indolepropionate + 5-chloro-3-indolepropionate + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 3-indolepropionic acid + chloride + O2 + H+
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-3-indolepropionic acid + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 anthranilamide + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 43% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-anthranilamide + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 anthranilate + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 1.1% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-anthranilate + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 kynurenine + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 79% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-kynurenine + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 kynurenine + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-L-kynurenine + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 L-tryptophan + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-L-tryptophan + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 L-tryptophan + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 97% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-L-tryptophan + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 N-methyl-L-tryptophan + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-N-methyl-L-tryptophan + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 N-methyltryptophan + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 68% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 6-chloro-N-methyltryptophan + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.19.59 N-phenylanthranilate + FADH2 + chloride + O2 + H+ 20% conversion by the wild-type enzyme Streptomyces toxytricini 5-chloro-N-phenylanthranilate + FAD + 2 H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.19.58 sttH
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 sttH
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.19.58 0.0085
-
 kynurenine wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.58 0.02
-
 anthranilamide wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.0085
-
 kynurenine wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.0108
-
 L-tryptophan wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.02
-
 anthranilamide wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.14.19.58 FAD
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 FAD
-
 Streptomyces toxytricini

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.19.58 0.019
-
 anthranilamide wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.58 0.035
-
 kynurenine wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.019
-
 anthranilamide wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 0.035
-
 kynurenine wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini
1.14.19.59 13.5
-
 L-tryptophan wild-type enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication Streptomyces toxytricini