Literature summary extracted from

Ma, G.; Zhang, L.; Yungyuen, W.; Tsukamoto, I.; Iijima, N.; Oikawa, M.; Yamawaki, K.; Yahata, M.; Kato, M.
Expression and functional analysis of Citrus carotene hydroxylases unravelling the xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits (2016), BMC Plant Biol., 16, 148 .

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number	Cloned (Comment)	Organism
1.14.14.158	gene CitCYP97C, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis. When CitHYb and CitCYP97C are coexpressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) the monohydroxylated zeinoxanthin, which is produced by CitHYb, is further converted to lutein by CitCYP97C, when CitCYP97A and CitCYP97C are coexpressed or CitCYP97B and CitCYP97C are coexpressed, no hydroxylated carotene is detected in the alpha-carotene- and beta-carotene-accumulating Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) cells	Citrus unshiu

Localization

EC Number	Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
1.14.14.158	chloroplast	as most carotenoids are synthesized and stored in plastids, the location of CitCYP97C, together with the other enzymes involved, i.e. CitHYb, CitCYP97A, and CitCYP97B, within plastid allows them to catalyze the reaction of carotene hydroxylation	Citrus unshiu	9507	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number	Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
1.14.14.158	zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2	Citrus unshiu	-	lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?

Organism

EC Number	Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
1.14.14.158	Citrus unshiu	A0A1L7NT18	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number	Purification (Comment)	Organism
1.14.14.158	partially, isolation of CitCYP79C from fruits	Citrus unshiu

Source Tissue

EC Number	Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
1.14.14.158	fruit	in flavedo and juice sacs, expression of CitCYP97C increases with two peaks in September and November, respectively	Citrus unshiu	-
1.14.14.158	additional information	lutein content in the juice sacs during the ripening process is high during November and December, and in the flavedo it is highest in August, while lowest in December, overview	Citrus unshiu	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number	Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
1.14.14.158	zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2	-	Citrus unshiu	lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?
1.14.14.158	zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2	recombinant enzyme	Citrus unshiu	lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?

Subunits

EC Number	Subunits	Comment	Organism
1.14.14.158	?	x * 61600, about, sequence calculation of CitCYP97C	Citrus unshiu

Synonyms

EC Number	Synonyms	Comment	Organism
1.14.14.158	CitCYP97C	-	Citrus unshiu

Cofactor

EC Number	Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
1.14.14.158	cytochrome P450	-	Citrus unshiu
1.14.14.158	heme	-	Citrus unshiu

General Information

EC Number	General Information	Comment	Organism
1.14.14.158	metabolism	the enzyme is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway	Citrus unshiu
1.14.14.158	physiological function	of the four citrus carotene hydroxylases presented in four distinct clusters, CitCYP97C is the one responsible for epsilon-ring hydroxylation in Citrus unshiu, while CitCYP97A and CitCYP97B hydroxylate the alpha- and beta-rings of alpha-carotene, respectively, roles of four carotene hydroxylase genes (CitHYb, CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C) in regulating xanthophylls biosynthesis. Zeaxanthin increases significantly during the ripening process in Citrus fruits, contents of alpha-carotene and lutein increase gradually in the juice sacs during the ripening process, the content of beta-cryptoxanthin, the major carotenoid in Satsuma mandarin, increases significantly during the ripening process in December, overview	Citrus unshiu

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)