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Literature summary extracted from
- Kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes involved in redox reactions (2017), Neuropharmacology, 112, 331-345 .
Activating Compound
| EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | H2O2 | activation of the enzyme is stimulated by superoxide and H2O2 | Homo sapiens |  |
| 1.13.11.11 | superoxide | activation of the enzyme is stimulated by superoxide and H2O2 | Homo sapiens | |
| 3.5.1.9 | arginine | - |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | ascorbic acid | - |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | L-tryptophan | - |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | o-aminophenol | activates | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | o-toluidine | activates | Rattus norvegicus | |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | 3-hydroxykynurenine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.11 | Cu2+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.11 | cyanide | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 3.5.1.9 | 3-hydroxykynurenine | potent inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Ag+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | anthranilic acid | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Co2+ | moderate inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Cu2+ | moderate inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | CuSO4 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | diethyl-(4-nitrophenyl)-phosphate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Hg2+ | potent inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Hg2+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | KCN | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 3.5.1.9 | L-kynurenine | potent inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | L-kynurenine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Mn2+ | potent inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
| 3.5.1.9 | additional information | no inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate | Neurospora crassa | |
| 3.5.1.9 | additional information | activity is not affected by Mn2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathione, p-chloromercuribenzoate, EDTA, KCN, K3Fe(CN)6, Na2S2O6 and sodium formate | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-bromosuccinimide | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Na-Metaarsenite | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Na2S2O4 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | NaAsO2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | NaF | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | NaHSO4 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| 3.5.1.9 | Zn2+ | potent inhibitor | Oncorhynchus mykiss | |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | 0.02 | - |
L-tryptophan | pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.11 | 0.19 | - |
L-tryptophan | pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.52 | 0.02 | - |
L-tryptophan | pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Homo sapiens | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | Homo sapiens | P14902 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.11 | Homo sapiens | P48775 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.11 | Homo sapiens | Q6ZQW0 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.11 | Mus musculus | P28776 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.11 | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris | Q8PDA8 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.11 | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ATCC 33913 | Q8PDA8 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.52 | Homo sapiens | P14902 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.52 | Homo sapiens | Q6ZQW0 | - |
- |
| 1.13.11.52 | Mus musculus | P28776 | - |
- |
| 1.14.13.9 | Homo sapiens | O15229 | - |
- |
| 1.14.13.9 | Rattus norvegicus | O88867 | - |
- |
| 3.5.1.9 | Equus caballus | F6WFA7 | - |
- |
| 3.5.1.9 | Neurospora crassa | F5HBR2 | - |
- |
| 3.5.1.9 | Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 | F5HBR2 | - |
- |
| 3.5.1.9 | Oncorhynchus mykiss | - |
- |
- |
| 3.5.1.9 | Rattus norvegicus | M0RC77 | - |
- |
| 3.5.1.9 | Sus scrofa | A0A287B5F1 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | astrocyte | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | astrocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | brain | expression on brain occurs in different cells as macrophages, microglia, neurons and astrocytes | Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | brain | expression on brain occurs in different cells as macrophages, microglia, neurons and astrocytes | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | kidney | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | large intestine | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | large intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | liver | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | liver | low level expression | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | liver | the enzyme is located in the oxygene-rich environment of the liver promoting greater amount of the enzyme in ferric form than in ferrous form, which could contribute to the binding to substrates occurs in this form | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | lung | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | lung | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | macrophage | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | macrophage | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | microglia | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | microglia | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | additional information | in human tumors IDO-2 is expressed, but it is produced in a functionally inactive form | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | neuron | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | neuron | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | placenta | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | placenta | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | small intestine | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | small intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | spleen | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | spleen | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | stomach | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | stomach | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | testis | low level expression | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.11 | thyroid | low level expression | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | astrocyte | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | astrocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | brain | expression on brain occurs in different cells as macrophages, microglia, neurons and astrocytes | Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | brain | expression on brain occurs in different cells as macrophages, microglia, neurons and astrocytes | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | kidney | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | large intestine | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | large intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | liver | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | liver | low level expression | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | lung | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | lung | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | macrophage | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | macrophage | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | microglia | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | microglia | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | additional information | in human tumors IDO-2 is expressed, but it is produced in a functionally inactive form | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | neuron | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | neuron | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | placenta | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | placenta | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | small intestine | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | small intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | spleen | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | spleen | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | stomach | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | stomach | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | testis | low level expression | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.13.11.52 | thyroid | low level expression | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.13.9 | microglia | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.13.9 | microglia | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.14.13.9 | neuron | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.13.9 | neuron | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 3.5.1.9 | brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 3.5.1.9 | brain | - |
Equus caballus | - |
| 3.5.1.9 | liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 3.5.1.9 | liver | - |
Equus caballus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | L-tryptophan + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 1.13.11.11 | L-tryptophan + O2 | the enzyme has broad substrate specificity for various indoleamines such as L-tryptophan and serotonin. It catalyzes the oxidation of the pyrrole ring of tryptophan to form N-formylkynurenine, which is later metabolized to formic acid and kynurenine | Mus musculus | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 1.13.11.11 | L-tryptophan + O2 | the enzyme has broad substrate specificity for various indoleamines such as L-tryptophan and serotonin. It catalyzes the oxidation of the pyrrole ring of tryptophan to form N-formylkynurenine, which is later metabolized to formic acid and kynurenine | Homo sapiens | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 1.13.11.52 | L-tryptophan + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 1.13.11.52 | L-tryptophan + O2 | the enzyme has broad substrate specificity for various indoleamines such as L-tryptophan and serotonin. It catalyzes the oxidation of the pyrrole ring of tryptophan to form N-formylkynurenine, which is later metabolized to formic acid and kynurenine | Mus musculus | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 1.13.11.52 | L-tryptophan + O2 | the enzyme has broad substrate specificity for various indoleamines such as L-tryptophan and serotonin. It catalyzes the oxidation of the pyrrole ring of tryptophan to form N-formylkynurenine, which is later metabolized to formic acid and kynurenine | Homo sapiens | N-formyl-L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 1.14.13.9 | L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.13.9 | L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O | - |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | formate + L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | formate + L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O | - |
Equus caballus | formate + L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O | - |
Sus scrofa | formate + L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O | - |
Neurospora crassa | formate + L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
| 3.5.1.9 | N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O | - |
Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 | formate + L-kynurenine | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | tetramer | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.13.11.11 | tetramer | - |
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris |
| 1.13.11.52 | tetramer | - |
Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | IDO-1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 1.13.11.11 | IDO-1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.13.11.11 | IDO-2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.13.11.11 | TDO | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.13.11.52 | IDO-1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| 1.13.11.52 | IDO-1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.13.11.52 | IDO-2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5.1.9 | 5.5 | 9 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.11.11 | heme | heme-containing enzyme | Mus musculus | |
| 1.13.11.11 | heme | heme-containing enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.11 | heme | heme-containing enzyme | Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris | |
| 1.13.11.11 | heme | heme-containing enzyme. The heme prosthetic group is present as a heme-ferric form that must be reduced to the heme-ferrous prior to mediate L-tryptophan oxidation | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.11 | heme | the enzyme is heme dependent, requiring the reduction of ferric to ferrous-iron to bind to L-tryptophan | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.52 | heme | heme-containing enzyme | Mus musculus | |
| 1.13.11.52 | heme | heme-containing enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.13.11.52 | heme | the enzyme is heme dependent, requiring the reduction of ferric to ferrous-iron to bind to L-tryptophan | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.13.9 | FAD | flavoprotein | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.13.9 | FAD | flavoprotein | Rattus norvegicus | |
Expression
| EC Number | Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.13.9 | Rattus norvegicus | expression level is upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines | up |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.13.9 | metabolism | the enzyme is involved in kynurenine pathway. It catalyzes the decisive step in production of metabolites as quinolinic acid | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.13.9 | metabolism | the enzyme is very important in kynurenine pathway because it catalyzes the decisive step in production of metabolites as quinolinic acid | Rattus norvegicus |
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