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Literature summary extracted from

  • Moran, G.
    4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and hydroxymandelate synthase exemplars of the alpha-keto acid dependent oxygenases (2014), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 544, 58-68 .
    View publication on PubMed

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.13.11.27 agriculture the enzyme is a target for herbicides, e.g. triketone inhibitors Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 drug development the enzyme is a target for inhibitor and herbicide development Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 drug development the human enzyme is a target for drug development in treatment of type 1 tyrosinemia, alkaptonuria, and hawkinsinuria, overvuew Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.13.11.27 N245S site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant produces quinolacetic acid as reaction product Streptomyces avermitilis

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.27 isoxaflutole
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 leptospermone
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 mesotrione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 additional information inhibition mechanism of enzyme HPPD, detailed overview Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 additional information inhibition mechanism of enzyme HPPD, detailed overview Homo sapiens
1.13.11.27 additional information inhibition mechanism of enzyme HPPD, detailed overview Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 additional information inhibition mechanism of enzyme HPPD, detailed overview Pseudomonas fluorescens
1.13.11.27 additional information inhibition mechanism of enzyme HPPD, detailed overview Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 nitisinone i.e. orfadin or NTBC, an effective herbicide Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 nitisinone i.e. orfadin or NTBC, addition of NTBC halts the morphology transition and stems pathogenesis in this organism Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 nitisinone i.e. orfadin or NTBC, bidentate coordination of NTBC with the HPPD active site ferrous ion, enzyme-bound crystal structure, overview Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 sulcotrione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 tembotrione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 usnic acid
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.13.11.27 Fe2+ involved in catalysis Pseudomonas fluorescens
1.13.11.27 Fe2+ involved in catalysis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 Fe2+ involved in catalysis Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 Fe2+ involved in catalysis Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 Fe2+ involved in catalysis Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 Pseudomonas fluorescens
-
 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
-
 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 Streptomyces avermitilis
-
 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 Homo sapiens
-
 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 Streptomyces avermitilis ATCC 31267
-
 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.13.11.27 Arabidopsis thaliana P93836
-
-
1.13.11.27 Homo sapiens P32754
-
-
1.13.11.27 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
-
-
-
1.13.11.27 Pseudomonas fluorescens
-
-
-
1.13.11.27 Streptomyces avermitilis Q53586
-
-
1.13.11.27 Streptomyces avermitilis ATCC 31267 Q53586
-
-

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2 dioxygen reactivity and the common decarboxylation half reaction, and the hydroxylation half reaction, mechanisms, detailed overview Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
a
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2 dioxygen reactivity and the common decarboxylation half reaction, and the hydroxylation half reaction, mechanisms, detailed overview Arabidopsis thaliana
a
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2 dioxygen reactivity and the common decarboxylation half reaction, and the hydroxylation half reaction, mechanisms, detailed overview Streptomyces avermitilis
a
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2 dioxygen reactivity and the common decarboxylation half reaction, and the hydroxylation half reaction, mechanisms, detailed overview Homo sapiens
a
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2 dioxygen reactivity and the common decarboxylation half reaction, and the hydroxylation half reaction, mechanisms, inhibitor-bound crystal structure, PDB ID 1CJX, analysis, detailed overview Pseudomonas fluorescens
a

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2
-
 Pseudomonas fluorescens homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2
-
 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2
-
 Streptomyces avermitilis homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2
-
 Homo sapiens homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?
1.13.11.27 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2
-
 Streptomyces avermitilis ATCC 31267 homogentisate + CO2
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.13.11.27 HPD
-
 Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 HPPD
-
 Pseudomonas fluorescens
1.13.11.27 HPPD
-
 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 HPPD
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 HPPD
-
 Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 HPPD
-
 Homo sapiens

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.13.11.27 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis enzyme HPPD is upregulated during the hyphal to yeast morphological transition that occurs when Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis fungus becomes pathogeneic up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.13.11.27 evolution 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS, EC 1.13.11.46) are outliers within the 2-oxo acid dependent oxygenase (aKAO) family. HPPD and HMS catalyze the chemistry of the majority of enzymes within the aKAO family but are clearly mechanistically convergent, having a grossly different structural topology. Some of the unique characteristics of HPPD and HMS have elucidated select parts of the catalytic cycle that are obscured in other family members. Moreover, the inhibitory chemistry of HPPD is a phenomenon with ever-expanding relevance across all kingdoms of life Pseudomonas fluorescens
1.13.11.27 evolution 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS, EC 1.13.11.46) are outliers within the 2-oxo acid dependent oxygenase (aKAO) family. HPPD and HMS catalyze the chemistry of the majority of enzymes within the aKAO family but are clearly mechanistically convergent, having a grossly different structural topology. Some of the unique characteristics of HPPD and HMS have elucidated select parts of the catalytic cycle that are obscured in other family members. Moreover, the inhibitory chemistry of HPPD is a phenomenon with ever-expanding relevance across all kingdoms of life Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 evolution 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS, EC 1.13.11.46) are outliers within the 2-oxo acid dependent oxygenase (aKAO) family. HPPD and HMS catalyze the chemistry of the majority of enzymes within the aKAO family but are clearly mechanistically convergent, having a grossly different structural topology. Some of the unique characteristics of HPPD and HMS have elucidated select parts of the catalytic cycle that are obscured in other family members. Moreover, the inhibitory chemistry of HPPD is a phenomenon with ever-expanding relevance across all kingdoms of life Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 evolution 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS, EC 1.13.11.46) are outliers within the 2-oxo acid dependent oxygenase (aKAO) family. HPPD and HMS catalyze the chemistry of the majority of enzymes within the aKAO family but are clearly mechanistically convergent, having a grossly different structural topology. Some of the unique characteristics of HPPD and HMS have elucidated select parts of the catalytic cycle that are obscured in other family members. Moreover, the inhibitory chemistry of HPPD is a phenomenon with ever-expanding relevance across all kingdoms of life Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 evolution 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS, EC 1.13.11.46) are outliers within the 2-oxo acid dependent oxygenase (aKAO) family. HPPD and HMS catalyze the chemistry of the majority of enzymes within the aKAO family but are clearly mechanistically convergent, having a grossly different structural topology. Some of the unique characteristics of HPPD and HMS have elucidated select parts of the catalytic cycle that are obscured in other family members. Moreover, the inhibitory chemistry of HPPD is a phenomenon with ever-expanding relevance across all kingdoms of life Homo sapiens
1.13.11.27 additional information enzyme structure analysis, overview Pseudomonas fluorescens
1.13.11.27 additional information enzyme structure analysis, overview Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 additional information enzyme structure analysis, overview Arabidopsis thaliana
1.13.11.27 additional information enzyme structure analysis, overview Streptomyces avermitilis
1.13.11.27 additional information enzyme structure analysis, overview Homo sapiens
1.13.11.27 physiological function enzyme HPPD is upregulated during the hyphal to yeast morphological transition that occurs when Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis fungus becomes pathogeneic Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1.13.11.27 physiological function the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of homogentisate, a precursor of plastoquinone, a diene-dione molecule, that serves as a lipid soluble electron carrier linking photosystems and shuttling electrons through the electron transport chain. Homogentiate is also the precursor to tocopherols (vitamin E) that serve as antioxidants and plant hormones. As such photosynthetic life is inseparably dependent on tyrosine catabolism and nature has developed a number of allelopathic molecules that target HPPD and thus homogenetisate production Arabidopsis thaliana