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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hallen, A.; Cooper, A.J.; Smith, J.R.; Jamie, J.F.; Karuso, P.
    Ketimine reductase/CRYM catalyzes reductive alkylamination of alpha-keto acids, confirming its function as an imine reductase (2015), Amino Acids, 47, 2457-2461 .
    View publication on PubMed

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.5.1.25 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine the enzyme shows strong binding to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroxine Homo sapiens

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.5.1.25 Homo sapiens Q14894
-
-

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
1.5.1.25 thiomorpholine 3-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 3,4-dehydro-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ the enzyme binds 2-oxo acids, such as pyruvate, in solution, and catalyzes the formation of N-alkyl-amino acids from alkylamines and 2-oxo acids via reduction of imine intermediates. Mechanistically, ketimine reductase/CRYM acts as a classical imine reductase Homo sapiens
a

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.5.1.25 DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.5.1.25 glyocylate + methylamine + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens sarcosine + NADP+
-
 ?
1.5.1.25 additional information human ketimine reductase/CRYM can utilize alkylamines (such as methylamine and ethylamine) and 2-oxo acids (such as pyruvate and phenylpyruvate) as enzyme substrates. Analysis of reaction intermediates, overview. Mammalian ketimine reductase reaction is known to be enantiospecific and only the L-enantiomer product is formed in vivo. A ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH in the reverse direction is not determined Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
1.5.1.25 phenylpyruvate + methylamine + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens N-methyl-L-phenylalanine + NADP+
-
 ?
1.5.1.25 pyruvate + ethylamine + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens N-ethyl-L-alanine + NADP+
-
 ?
1.5.1.25 pyruvate + methylamine + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens N-methyl-L-alanine + NADP+
-
 ?
1.5.1.25 pyruvate + NH3 + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens L-alanine + NADP+
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.5.1.25 CRYM
-
 Homo sapiens
1.5.1.25 ketimine reductase
-
 Homo sapiens
1.5.1.25 mu-crystallin
-
 Homo sapiens

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.5.1.25 37
-
 assay at Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.5.1.25 7.2
-
 assay at Homo sapiens

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.5.1.25 NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.5.1.25 physiological function the enzyme is the main cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein and shows strong binding to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroxine. Ketimine reductase/CRYM substrate levels and T3 bioavailability are reciprocally linked. Human ketimine reductase/CRYM catalyzes reduction of non-cyclic imines. Since a ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH in the reverse direction cannot be demonstrated, ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reductive amination/alkylamination of 2-oxo acids (or oxidation of L-amino acids/N-alkyl-L-amino acids) is not likely to be of physiological importance in mammals in vivo Homo sapiens